EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS METHOD OF KETAPANG LEAF EXTRACTION (Terminalia catappa) TO PREVENT Aeromonas hydrophila BACTERIAL INFECTION IN NILE NILE FISH (Oreochromis niloticus) CULTIVATION

Abstract

Bacterial diseases caused by (Aeromonas hydrophila) are one of the main obstacles in the cultivation of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), especially in intensive cultivation systems, the problem can be overcome with natural immunostimulants from the leaves of tilapia (Terminalia catappa). This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of various methods of extraction of tacumber leaves in feed on the immune response, growth, and survival of tilapia tested with A. hydrophila. The study used a complete randomized design (RAL) with five treatments and three replicates, namely positive control (feed without extract, P1), negative control (feed without extract, P2), feed with extract in the form of flour (P3), feed with extracted form of decoction (P4), feed with extract in the form of porridge (P5). The amount of extracts added is 5%. On the 46th day, infection  A .hydorphila was  carried out in all treatments except in P2. Parameters observed included survival rate  (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate. Water quality was measured once every 10 days from days 1 to 45 while total bacterial media, hematology parameters, phagocytosis activity were observed on day 60. The results showed that the addition of ketapang leaf porridge extract (P5) had a real effect  (p<0.05) on the value of SR 91.11%, FCR of 1.06, and specific weight growth rate of 3.71%/day. Total bacterial media (30.5×10³ CFU/mL), as well as increased immune response as indicated by Erythrocyte values of 2.10×10⁶ cells/mL, leukocyte values of 28.1× 10⁴ cells/ml, leukocyte differential values (25% neutrophil cells, 7.33% monocytes, and 67.67% lymphocytes), hemoglobin of 6.8 g/dl, hematocrit of 30.48% and phagocytosis activity of67.6%, but no real effect (p>0.05) to specific long-term growth rate parameters. Thus, the method of burying ketapang leaves is effectively used as a natural immunostimulant in tilapia feed to increase resistance to A. hydrophila infection