Pemanfaatan Senyawa Flavonoid sebagai Antioksidan pada Penderita Hiperkolesterolemia: Studi Literatur

Abstract

Hypercholesterolemia is a condition characterized by abnormal lipid profiles in the blood, including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides. Hypercholesterolemia can trigger oxidative stress, which may lead to several chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The utilization of active compounds from plants, commonly found in Indonesian communities, is believed to provide positive effects on hypercholesterolemia. Active compounds like flavonoids, according to several studies, can act as antioxidants in suppressing the rate of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is one of the major risk factors for hypercholesterolemia. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the mechanisms of flavonoid compounds as antioxidants in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. This review was compiled by gathering articles from Google Scholar, Science Direct, Proquest, and Pubmed. The extracted data were analyzed to summarize findings related to the effects of flavonoid active compounds on hypercholesterolemia. Flavonoid active compounds that can be isolated from plants have various positive effects on hypercholesterolemia. These positive effects may occur through various mechanisms, including acting as antioxidants to prevent oxidative stress, helping to increase levels of antioxidant enzymes, and regulating the expression of antioxidant genes such as SOD, CAT, and GSHPx. Flavonoids can also inhibit HMG-CoA reductase and enhance LDL receptors involved in cholesterol synthesis and transport. Flavonoids may also affect cholesterol efflux capacity in macrophages by inhibiting SR-A and CD36 receptors, while increasing ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1. Flavonoids are compounds with potential in preventing and treating hypercholesterolemia through various mechanisms. The active mechanisms of flavonoids can influence the metabolic and genetic aspects of hypercholesterolemia patients. Keywords: Hypercholesterolemia, Flavonoids, Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress.