Microclimate Analysis Using Automated Drip Irrigation on Celery (Apium Graveolens L.) in The Precision Farming Area of BRIDA NTB

Abstract

Precision agriculture is a modern approach that utilizes sensor-based technology and the Internet of Things (IoT). Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a high-value horticultural crop that is sensitive to changes in microclimatic conditions. This study aims to analyze microclimate parameters using an automated drip irrigation system and evaluate its effects on celery growth in the precision farming area of BRIDA NTB. The study employed an IoT-based monitoring system utilizing several sensors, including DS18b20, SHT31, GY-49, SEN0308, and a 3-cup anemometer. Data were automatically collected at 10-minute intervals throughout the growing period, while plant growth data were manually measured every three days. The observed parameters included soil temperature, air temperature, soil moisture, air humidity, light intensity, and wind speed. The results showed that soil temperature under straw mulch treatment was stable and close to the optimal value of 24°C. Soil moisture in the plastic mulch treatment reached 33.69%, approaching the optimal value of 80% AWC (33.87%). The average air temperature was 29°C with a maximum of 39°C, exceeding the optimal range for celery (15–24°C). Air humidity averaged 79%, considered optimal. Light intensity was very low (0,6–3234,8 lux) compared to the plant’s needs (32,000 lux), and wind speed (4.0–5.8 km/h) exceeded the optimal limit. The automated drip irrigation system helped maintain stable soil moisture and temperature, supporting plant growth, and reducing water stress. The application of this technology is recommended as a precision agriculture strategy in tropical entisol soils.