Technical and Economic Analysis of Mulberry Leaf Drying for Herbal Tea Using a Rack-Type Dryer

Abstract

The mulberry plant (Morus alba) is one type of medicinal plant, especially its leaves, which can be used to treat diabetes.The objectives of this study are to conduct a technical analysis of mulberry leaf drying, to perform an economic analysis of the drying process, and to determine the feasibility of using a rack-type dryer. The research method used in this study is an experimental method conducted both in the field and in the laboratory. Testing was carried out using an oven and a rack-type dryer. The material used was mulberry leaves, dried at two temperature ranges: T1 = 40ºC–45ºC and T2 = 50ºC–55ºC. The parameters used in the technical analysis include temperature, humidity, moisture content, drying capacity, fuel consumption, yield, and equipment efficiency. Meanwhile, the parameters used in the economic analysis include Break-Even Point (BEP), Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGM). The results of drying mulberry leaves using a rack-type dryer show that the higher the airflow velocity, the higher the temperature; and the higher the temperature, the faster the moisture content decreases per unit of time, resulting in a lower percentage of yield. Based on the economic analysis calculations, the Break-Even Point at 40°C–45°C and 50°C–55°C was 55,446 units/year and 56,478 units/year, respectively. The Net Present Value was positive or greater than zero at Rp 17,926,924, the Internal Rate of Return was 39%, and the B/C Ratio was 1.7, which is greater than 1. Thus, based on the economic analysis, drying mulberry leaves using a rack-type dryer is considered feasible.