Analysis of electrical energy requirements from solar panels based on the Internet of Things (IoT) on a Solar Dryer Dome in coffee drying

Abstract

Electricity plays a crucial role in supporting agricultural technology, particularly in the development of solar dryer domes for coffee drying that utilise solar panels as a renewable energy source. To ensure optimal operation, an analysis of energy requirements based on the Internet of Things (IoT) is required so that energy availability can be monitored in real time. This study aims to analyse the electrical energy required of solar panels in a solar dryer dome with an IoT-based monitoring system. The experimental method was conducted for 7 days in Persil Hamlet, Karang Sidemen Village, Central Lombok, utilising a PZEM-017 sensor connected to ESP32, LCD 16×2 I2C, SD card, and the ThingSpeak platform. Parameters observed included voltage, current, power, and electrical energy recorded every 10 minutes. The results showed voltage ranging from 10.82–14.39 V, current 2.52–3.17 A, peak power 43.6 W, and daily energy 315–550 Wh, totalling of 3,155 Wh over 7 days. The energy demand of four DC fans was only 241 Wh/day, indicating that the panel provided more than sufficient energy. The IoT-based system with ESP32 and PZEM-017 effectively provided real-time data on solar panel performance and energy efficiency during the coffee drying process