Discourse on ‘Islam’ and ‘Kafir’ in 2019 Indonesia Presidential Election The Challenge of Democracy in the Digital Era
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Abstrak
The development of digital technology disrupts all aspects of people's lives. Digital technology facilitates the development of social media, a platform on which everyone can produce content to promote the right to freedom of expression. Therefore, at the beginning of its development, it is assumedthat it will improve the quality of democracy. However, reality shows some paradox, such as the political discourse is strongly influenced by new actors, called the influencers and they influence the voters strongly. One of the popular topics developed by influencers in the 2019 Indonesian presidential election are Islam and Kafir (unbelievers).The aim of this study is to examines the discourse of Islam and Kafir in Twitter and their impact on the development of democracy in Indonesia. The data was collected on 7 days Twitter dataset ( 3 days before election day, the election day, and 3 days after the election day). By using topic model and critical discourse analysis (CDA), it shows that the discourse of Kafir or the disbelief was used to mocking supporters of other candidates who were considered less Islamic. Interestingly, the socalled unbelieversupporters used „re- signification‟ as a way to attack the opponent. Thes tudy shows that both of candidates use Islamic discourse to get voter support. As a result, discourses of Islam and Kafircontain a lot of verbal violence, thathas the potential to reduce the quality of democracy in the digital era.
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Cara Mengutip
Widyawati, N., Windarsih, A., & Alamsyah, P. (2022). Discourse on ‘Islam’ and ‘Kafir’ in 2019 Indonesia Presidential Election: The Challenge of Democracy in the Digital Era. Religion, Culture, and State Journal, 2(1), 62–82. Diambil dari https://journal.unram.ac.id/index.php/rcs/article/view/353
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Referensi
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Törnberg, A. & Törnberg, P. (2016). Muslims in social media discourse: Combining topic modeling and critical discourse analysis. Discourse, Context and Media, 13, 132– 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2016.04.003.
Eirikur Bergmann, Erikur (2018) Conspiracy & Populism, The Politics of Misinformation Switzerland : Palgrave Macmillan
Eriyanto (2001) Analisis Wacana : Pengantar Teks Media, Yogyakarta, LKIS
Europian Commission. (2018). A multi-dimensional approach to disinformation: Report of the independent High level Group on fake new sand online disinformation. Diunduh dari https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/final-report-high-level-expert-group-fake- news-and-online-disinformation
Ghafur, Abd. 2016. Critical Discourse Analysis Sebuah Model Analisis Sosial Kritis Dalam Teks Media. OKARA Journal of Language and Literature, Vol. II, Tahun X, November 2016.
DOI: 10.19105/ojbs.v10i2.978
https://rstudio.com/products/rstudio/download/
Kaid, Lynda Lee (ed) (2004) Handbook of Political Communication Research. New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publisher..
Mills, Sara (1997) “Discourseâ€, London : Roudledge.
Pratomo, Yudha. Untuk Pertama Kali Twitter Ungkap Jumlah Pengguna Harian. https://tekno.kompas.com/read/2019/02/09/11340027/untuk-pertama-kali-twitter-ungkap- jumlah-pengguna-harian, diakses pada 17 September 2020
Rifai, Bahtiar. 2020. Produktif Meneliti dengan Metode Digital. Paparan pada Webinar Talk To Scientists: Transformasi Metode Digital Untuk Penelitian Sosial Humaniora di Masa Pandemi yang dilakukan pada 31 Agustus 2020
Sabbagh, D. 2020. Targeted Killings via drone becoming “normalisedâ€. The Guardian, 19 January 2020
Smith, Marc A., Lee Rainie, Itai Himelboim, and Ben Shneiderman. 2014. Mapping Twitter Topic Networks: From Polarized Crowds to Community Clusters. Number, Facts and Trens Shaping The World. Pew Research Center In Association with Social Media Research Foundation.
Törnberg, A. & Törnberg, P. (2016). Muslims in social media discourse: Combining topic modeling and critical discourse analysis. Discourse, Context and Media, 13, 132– 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2016.04.003.