The Correlation of Hyperglycemia, Leukocytosis, Hypernatremia, and Anemia with Mortality Rate and Length of Stay on Traumatic Brain Injury Patients in RSUD Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat

Abstract

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a brain dysfunction caused by external force impacting the head that can lead to permanent or temporary cognitive, physical, and psychosocial dysfunction, with loss of consciousness. Hyperglicemia, leukocytosis, hypernatremia, and anemia can be caused by secondary damage, such as mitochondria dysfunction, free radicals, excitotoxicity, ion imbalance, excess NO, lipid peroxidase, energy failure, inflammation, axonal dysfunction, apoptotic cell death and necrosis, and ischemia, which contributes to mortalities and length of stay in hospital. This research using a retrospective study collecting medical records from surgery department that had met the inclusion criteria in RSUD Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat from 2018 to 2019. This study used the consecutive sampling method. There were 92 samples met the inclusion criteria. There was a statistically significant correlation between hyperglycemia and mortality rate (p=0.023), and also clinically significant due to the difference in proportions above 20% (Proportion difference = 25,8%). Researcher found a significant correlation between hyperglycemia and length of stay (p=0.032). Otherwise, there was no correlation between leukocytosis (p=1.000), hypernatremia (p=0.125), anemia (p=1.000) with mortality rate. There also no correlation between leukocytosis (p=0.763), hypernatremia (p=0.208), and anemia (p=0.41) with length of stay.