Management of Bee Stings: A Review of Diagnostic Tools and Immunotherapy

Abstract

Abstract: Insects from the order Hymenoptera, like bees, are essential to ecosystems but can cause severe allergic reactions through their venomous stings. Indonesia, with its high bee diversity, faces significant health risks from bee stings, especially to beekeepers, though epidemiological data is limited. This study reviews 19 relevant articles to discuss clinical presentations, including reactions from local inflammation to systemic anaphylaxis, diagnosed through skin tests, serum IgE antibodies, and baseline serum tryptase. Venom-specific immunotherapy (VIT), comprising an induction and maintenance phase, is the preferred treatment for allergic reactions, though its application depends on patient history and health conditions. Effective management and accurate diagnosis of bee sting allergies are crucial to preventing severe reactions.