Nurition and Mechanical Ventilation: a Review Article

Abstract

Patients with critical illnesses are frequently need mechanical ventilation as part of their care, in addition to or instead of spontaneous breathing. In certain situation, poor CO2 elimination (ventilation failure) is the primary issue. Malnutrition is one of the issues that can occur in patients on mechanical ventilation. Patients in critical condition are typically incapable of consuming enough food to meet their metabolic needs. Enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition, or mix of two are able to provide nutritional intake. Enteral nutrition can help maintain the intestinal wall's functional integrity by protecting intraepithelial cells, increasing blood flow, and encouraging the production of endogenous trophic agents. In the meantime, parenteral nutrition (PN) must be administered if the patient's nutritional needs are not satisfied within three days, as malnutrition typically develops eight to twelve days following surgery and/or ICU admission. Numerous studies comparing the effects of (enteral nutrition) versus PN nutrition on ICU LOS and mechanical ventilation have found no discernible differences between the two. When comparing EN to PN nutrition, there is a noticeable difference in how well EN reduces infectious complications.