PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN SHIP DALAM ANALISIS ERGONOMI MAKRO PADA KAJIAN PENGEMBANGAN ALAT PENGERING PASCAPANEN BAGI PETANI KECIL

APPLICATION OF THE SHIP APPROACH IN MACRO-ERGONOMICS ANALYSIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF POSTHARVEST DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SMALL-SCALE FARMERS   

Abstract

Postharvest drying equipment plays an important role in maintaining the quality of agricultural products produced by smallholder farmers. However, many currently used drying devices have not fully considered ergonomic aspects, particularly at the work system level. This study aims to analyse the design of postharvest drying equipment for smallholder farmers using a macro ergonomic approach grounded in the SHIP principles (systemic, holistic, interdisciplinary, and participatory). This approach is employed to examine the interrelationships among humans, tools, work processes, the environment, and the organizational and social aspects surrounding the system. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach, employing a literature review and conceptual analysis of postharvest drying equipment design practices at the smallholder farming scale. The analysis results indicate that the SHIP approach enables comprehensive identification of ergonomic issues, ranging from mismatches between equipment design and farmers’ working postures and habits to limitations in production systems to the lack of user involvement in the design process. The integration of systemic, holistic, interdisciplinary, and participatory principles provides a macro-ergonomic framework that is relevant and applicable to supporting the design of postharvest drying equipment that is more contextual, sustainable, and aligned with the needs of smallholder farmers. In macro ergonomics, the SHIP approach serves as a methodological framework for comprehensively analysing and designing work systems by positioning humans at the centre of the system. This study is expected to serve as a conceptual reference for the development of agricultural equipment design based on macro-ergonomic principles.