Design of an Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Microclimate Monitoring System For Green Amaranth (Amaranthus sp.) in a Greenhouse

Abstract

Microclimate refers to local climate conditions that directly influence the physical characteristics of an environment. Internet of Things (IoT)-based microclimate monitoring plays a crucial role in maintaining optimal growing conditions for green spinach and enhancing crop yield. This study aimed to design and develop an IoT-based microclimate monitoring system for green spinach (Amaranthus sp.) in a greenhouse. The research employed an experimental method by applying the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) as a development framework. The monitored parameters included air temperature, air humidity, soil temperature, soil moisture, and light intensity. The results showed that air temperature ranged from 22.63 to 36.5°C, while air humidity varied between 47% and 97%. The temperature of the growing media on cocopeat ranged from 21.23 to 33.71°C, organic compost from 22.19 to 33.14°C, and garden soil from 21.59 to 32.32°C. The moisture content of the growing media on cocopeat ranged from 324% to 389%, organic compost from 30% to 40%, and garden soil from 23% to 35%. Light intensity ranged from 0.2 to 30,679.29 lux. The developed IoT-based microclimate monitoring system successfully detected and presented environmental data accurately and in real-time, and could be accessed remotely via a smartphone using the MQTT Dashboard application. This system effectively maintained optimal conditions for the growth of green spinach, thereby improving cultivation efficiency and potential yield in the greenhouse.