Horseshoe kidneys are identified as having functioning renal masses present on both sides of the vertebral column fused together with ureters that remain uncrossed from the renal hilum to the urinary bladder. The anomaly is characterized by the fusion of the two distinct kidneys at the lower poles (in most of the cases), in the front of the body midline, through an isthmus of functional renal parenchyma or by fibrous tissue. Incidence of horseshoe kidney is 0.25% in general population and more frequent in male (male : female ratio = 2:1)
