Diagnosis and Management of Pterygium

Abstrak

Pterygium is a triangular fibrovascular growth that usually originates from the nasal conjunctiva and extends onto the cornea, potentially impairing vision if it reaches the visual axis. This condition is more prevalent in tropical regions, such as Indonesia, and is associated with various etiological factors, including environmental exposure, chronic ocular irritation, and age-related changes. The pathogenesis of pterygium involves limbal stem cell damage, activation of matrix metalloproteinases, P53 gene alterations, and chronic inflammatory processes, all of which contribute to uncontrolled fibrovascular proliferation. Common symptoms include foreign body sensation, ocular redness, and visual disturbances such as induced astigmatism or decreased visual acuity. Diagnosis is primarily established through clinical evaluation and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Management strategies for pterygium encompass preventive measures, medical therapy to control inflammation, and surgical intervention in progressive, visually significant, or recurrent cases. A comprehensive understanding of etiological factors, prompt diagnosis, and appropriate management is essential to prevent disease progression and optimize visual outcomes.