Miller-Fisher Syndrome sebagai varian dari Guillain-Barré Syndrome
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29303/jk.v14i4.7184Kata Kunci:
Guillain-Barré Syndrome, Miller Fisher Syndrome, poliradikuloneuropati, autoimun, anti-GQ1bAbstrak
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) merupakan poliradikuloneuropati akut yang disebabkan oleh reaksi autoimun terhadap saraf perifer. Miller Fisher Syndrome(MFS) merupakan salah satu varian langka dari Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) yang dicirikan dengan triad klinis oftalmoplegia, ataksia, dan arefleksia atau hiporefleksia. Patofisiologi pada MFS belum sepenuhnya dipahami. Hingga saat ini patofisiologi MFS dipercaya berkaitan dengan respon autoimun akut terhadap infeksi anteseden (seperti infeksi oleh Campylobacter jejuni, virus Epstein-Barr, Cytomegalovirus, atau Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, dan virus influenza A) dan proses mimikri molekuler yang menyebabkan tubuh salah dalam mengenali gangliosida saraf perifer sebagai epitop dari antigen penyebab infeksi sehingga tubuh memproduksi antibodi (autoantibodi) anti-gangliosida yang bersirkulasi dalam darah dan menyerang sistem saraf perifer. Pada MFS, autoantibodi yang terbentuk adalah autoantibodi anti-gangliosida Q1b (anti-GQ1b). Diagnosis MFS ditegakkan berdasarkan terpenuhinya kriteria diagnostik GBS menurut National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NINCDS) disertai triad gejala klinis khas pada MFS. Kriteria diagnositik lain yang juga umum digunakan adalah Kriteria Brighton sebagai alat bantu untuk mendiagnosis GBS dan membedakan antara pasien berisiko rendah dan berisiko tinggi. Pengobatan untuk GBS dan variannya mencakup perawatan suportif yang memadai, kontrol nyeri, bantuan pernapasan, dan imunoterapi.
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