The Journal of Fish Health (JFH) has an objective to publish and provide high-quality scientific contributions to the field of fish health. These contributions are sourced from innovative research that encourages science and technology development in the field of fish health on a national and international scale. This journal serves as a communication medium for researchers, academics, students, and communities. This journal is published four times a year in February, May, August, and November since 2024.
Aquaculture Department, University of Mataram
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Application of Different Feeding Rate to the Growth and Survival Rate of Garra rufa
Garra rufa fish from the Cyprinidae family are known as "doctor fish" in the context of health tourism due to their use as an alternative medicine to help cure various skin diseases. Garra rufa are benthic fish or freshwater bottom dwellers that naturally live in rocky rivers and feed on microscopic organisms. Garra rufa culture in Indonesia is still limited due to the lack of technical information regarding cultivation aspects such as water quality management, feeding, and maintenance techniques. The purpose of this activity is to determine the Garra rufa culture techniques with different feeding rate on their growth and survival rate. The method applied in this research was a descriptive experimental method using two different percentages of feeding rate, namely 3% and 5% of the fish's body weight, kept in an aquarium for 21 days. The parameters observed were growth and survival rate. The results obtained were Garra rufa maintained with a 5% feeding rate had higher growth but were not more efficient when viewed from their higher FCR values. The survival of both feeding rate treatments was at high figures, namely 87% and 95%.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Journal of Fish Health
Optimizing Binder Type and Concentration to Enhance Stability and Acceptability of Pasta Feed for Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus)
Feed stability is a crucial factor in aquaculture, as it affects both the physical integrity of the feed and its acceptance by aquatic species. For Monopterus albus (swamp eel), maintaining feed stability while ensuring palatability is vital for optimal growth and health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different binder types and concentrations on the stability and acceptability of pasta feed for Monopterus albus (swamp eel). Seven binders—gelatin, gluten, CMC, chitosan, alginate, guargum, and carrageenan—were tested at 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% concentrations using a completely randomized design. Feed disintegration and breakdown times, along with feeding behavior, were analyzed using non-parametric tests. Gelatin, CMC, and chitosan significantly improved feed stability (p < 0.05), maintaining cohesion for over 40 minutes. Gelatin at 10% concentration yielded optimal results, balancing water resistance and palatability. Behavioral observations showed that gelatin-based feeds were most preferred, with increased feeding frequency and consumption. When combined with natural attractants such as worms and snails, gelatin feeds enhanced intake rates. These outcomes indicate that protein-based binders, particularly gelatin, offer superior mechanical and nutritional advantages compared to polysaccharide alternatives. Gelatin’s dual role as a binder and nutritional enhancer provides a promising strategy for sustainable aquaculture feed development.
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Journal of Fish Health
Cover, Editorial Boards, Table of Contents
Effectiveness of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) Leaf Extract on Growth and Meat Quality of Farmed Fish: A Review
Aquaculture continues to expand globally, requiring natural and sustainable feed additives to enhance fish growth and meat quality. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) leaf extract contains diverse bioactive compounds, including cinnamaldehyde, flavonoids, polyphenols, and terpenoids, which possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, and growth-promoting properties. This review aims to summarize scientific evidence on the effectiveness of cinnamon leaf extract in improving growth performance and meat quality of farmed fish. A systematic literature review was conducted by analyzing 41 scientific publications obtained from Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Elsevier. The reviewed studies consistently showed that supplementation of cinnamon leaf extract or powder at doses ranging from 0.25–1% in fish feed enhances growth parameters such as Specific Growth Rate, feed efficiency, protein retention, and biomass in species including barramundi, Nile tilapia, common carp, and striped catfish. In addition, the extract significantly improves meat quality by reducing body and meat fat content, enhancing texture, increasing protein levels, and improving sensory attributes such as taste and fillet color. These improvements are attributed to the metabolic, antioxidant, and lipid-modulating mechanisms of the phytochemicals present in cinnamon leaves. Overall, cinnamon leaf extract demonstrates strong potential as a natural, environmentally friendly feed additive that supports both productivity and product quality in modern aquaculture systems.
Utilization of Eucheuma cottonii Meal as a Functional Feed Additive for Improving Pigmentation, Health, and Growth in Ornamental Goldfish (Carrasius auratus)
Color enhancement in ornamental fish is an essential quality parameter that directly influences market value and consumer preference. Natural pigments derived from marine resources, such as seaweed, offer a sustainable alternative to synthetic color enhancers. This study aimed to determine the effect of seaweed meal (Eucheuma cottonii) on the color brightness of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Goldfish used had an initial weight of 10.12 ± 0.06 g and an initial length of 5.08 ± 0.02 cm. Fish were fed using the ad libitum method three times daily with four feed treatments: P1 (Control), P2 (4 g seaweed meal), P3 (8 g seaweed meal), and P4 (12 g seaweed meal). The study was conducted for 45 days to evaluate growth performance and color characteristics. A completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications was applied. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). Results showed that the addition of seaweed meal significantly influenced the red hue variable in goldfish. Brightness showed no significant difference among treatments, with the highest value in P4 (55.88%) and the lowest in P3 (52.68%). The red hue differed significantly, with the highest value in P3 (16.96%) and the lowest in P1 (9.13%). The yellow hue showed no significant difference, with values ranging from 36.68% (P1) to 38.43% (P2). Overall, supplementation with 8 g of seaweed meal effectively enhanced the visual red hue of goldfish.
Culture of Chaetoceros calcitrans as Natural Feed for Mytilopsis adamsi Cultivation at National Research and Innovation Agency, North Lombok
This study was conducted to explore the culture technique of Chaetoceros calcitrans as a natural feed and its role in supporting the maintenance of the brown mussel (Mytilopsis adamsi). The microalga was chosen because it provides essential nutrients such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates that are important for the growth of aquatic organisms. The work took place over one month, from May 6 to June 4, 2025, at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), North Lombok. The culture followed a stepwise approach, starting with sterilization of equipment and media, the addition of KW21 fertilizer and silicate, inoculation with five-day-old seed cultures, daily maintenance, and cell density monitoring. The observations showed that C. calcitrans density rose steadily from the first day and peaked on day 5 at 4,020,000 cells/ml, before declining by day 7. This trend reflects the typical growth phases of microalgae, from lag and exponential to stationary and death phases. Feeding trials involved offering C. calcitrans to brown mussels twice daily at a dose of 500 ml each time. The results indicated consistent weight gain across all replicates, although growth levels varied among treatments. Overall, the study confirms that stepwise culture with appropriate nutrient supply and water quality management can produce C. calcitrans at optimal densities. Its application as a natural feed also provides measurable benefits for the growth of brown mussels in culture systems.
The Effect of Crude Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Leaf Extract on Pseudomonas fluorescens Bacteria In Vitro
Cultivation activities often experience obstacles due to bacterial disease attacks, one of which is caused by P. fluorescens bacteria. Commercial treatment efforts include the use of antibiotics, but this can cause bacterial resistance. Therefore, an alternative treatment that is more environmentally friendly but can still be used as medicine is needed, namely the use of natural ingredients such as jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) leaves. This study aims to determine the effect of crude jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) leaf extract on P. fluorescens bacteria in vitro. This study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments, 2 controls, and 3 replications. The control treatment consisted of a positive control (Tetracycline 30 ppm), and a negative control (only using disc paper), as well as 5 different extract dose treatments, namely treatment A (60 ppm), treatment B (120 ppm), treatment C (180 ppm), treatment D (240 ppm) and treatment E (300 ppm). The results of the study showed that the use of crude jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) leaf extract affected P. fluorescens bacteria. The relationship between the use of crude jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) leaf extract with different doses and the resulting inhibition zone showed a quadratic regression pattern with the equation y = -0.0001x2 + 0.05x + 6.327.
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Leaf
Application of Black Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb) Ethanol Extract to Treat Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Aeromonas hydrophila is a pathogenic bacterium that frequently attacks, causes death, and harms catfish farmers. The continuous use of antibiotics for disease control has been shown to have negative impacts on pathogenic bacterial resistance, antibiotic residues in fish, aquatic environmental pollution, food safety, and causes allergies in human consumers. The use of phytopharmaceuticals is known to be more environmentally friendly and sustainable because they contain active compounds that are more easily degraded, thus leaving no synthetic antibiotic residues in fish tissues and water. This research aimed to determine the effect of black turmeric (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb) rhizome ethanol extract on treating A. hydrophila infection in catfish. Fish were raised for 14 days. For the first seven days, they were kept under normal conditions. On day 7, the fish were infected with A. hydrophila. On day 8, the diseased fish were immersed in black turmeric rhizome ethanol extract. The experiment used group randomized design with treatment of control or without black turmeric extract (BT0), 35 mg/L, 40 mg/L and 45 mg/L black turmeric extract (BT35, BT40, and BT45). The result showed that treatments were not significantly different (P>0,05) on recovery rate, survival rate, and WBC, but significantly different in hematocrit percentage (P<0,05). The highest of fish recovery rate and survival rate (100%) were obtained in BT40. This research concluded that immersion dosage of 40 mg/L black turmeric rhizome ethanol extract could treating catfish infected with A. hydrophila.
The Influence of Government Assistance in Increasing the Income of Small-Scale Fishery Product Processing Business in Kendari City
The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the impact of financial capital assistance, technological assistance and business development assistance of government on small-scale fishery product processing income in Kendari City. Determining the sample using the purposive sampling method from 81 populations of small-scale fishery product processing business actors, it was determined that there were 8 business actors who received financial capital assistance, 10 business actors who received technological assistance and 12 business actors who received business development assistance. The data collection methods used in this experiment were questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis. The results found that (1) financial capital assistance, technological assistance and business development assistance had a positive and significant effect on income levels, (2) financial capital assistance had a positive and significant effect on income levels, (3) technological assistance had a positive and significant effect on income level, and (4) business development assistance had a positive and significant effect on income level. Financial capital and technological assistance must be accompanied by coaching and mentoring, for business development and sustainability.
Species Composition and Catch Rate of Cast Net Fisheries in Kerinci Lake, Jambi
Capture fisheries in inland waters play a vital role in supporting food security and the economy of the community, including fishermen in Lake Kerinci who utilize cast nets as an economical and effective fishing gear. However, scientific information on catch composition, catch rates, and technical factors influencing the productivity of this gear is still limited. The purpose of this study was to analyze catch composition, catch rates, and factors influencing catch yields from cast nets in Lake Kerinci, Kerinci Regency, Jambi. The study was conducted from June 29 – August 7, 2025, using a survey method through participatory observation and interviews with 17 fishermen using cast nets, with a total of 34 data collection trips. Data collected included fish species, weight and number of catches, fishing duration, number of casts, and gear dimensions, then analyzed descriptively and using multiple linear regression. The results showed that the catch composition consisted of 162 tilapia (84.49% of the total weight) and 39 Nile tilapia (15.51%). The average catch rate of the throw nets reached 1.74 kg/hour, with the highest value for tilapia at 2.94 kg/hour. Regression analysis results showed that fishing duration, number of throws, and gear dimensions had no significant effect on catch results (p>0.05). It can be concluded that the throw nets in Lake Kerinci predominantly catch tilapia, while technical factors of the gear are not the main determinants of catch results. Environmental conditions and fish stock availability are suspected to have a greater influence on catch results.
Ammonia and Nitrite Control Techniques in Vannamei Shrimp Cultivation Media at PT. Panen Berkat Sejahtera Bersama (PBSB) Sambelia, East Lombok
Intensive cultivation of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) requires good water quality management to support the growth, health, and survival of the shrimp. This research was conducted at PT. Panen Berkat Sejahtera Bersama (PBSB), East Lombok, for 25 days (April 9–May 3, 2025) with the aim of determining the control techniques for ammonia (NH₃) and nitrite (NO₂) in the cultivation media. The method used was descriptive with primary data collection through observation, active participation, interviews, and field documentation, as well as secondary data from company archives and related literature. The water quality management techniques applied included siphoning the pond bottom, waste disposal through a central drain system, and the use of Aquastar Pond probiotics. The water quality parameters observed included ammonia, nitrite, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, and pH. The results showed that ammonia levels were stable at 0.0000 mg/L and nitrite was in the range of 0.007–0.059 mg/L, remaining within safe limits for whiteleg shrimp. DO, salinity, and pH parameters were also within optimal ranges, supporting metabolism, osmoregulatory balance, and nitrifying microbial activity. The application of siphoning techniques, waste disposal, and probiotics has proven effective in maintaining stable water quality and creating optimal cultivation conditions for the growth and health of vannamei shrimp.
Characteristics of Mudgrovel Crabs Caught Using Trap Fishing Gear in Lambur Luar Village, Muara Sabak Timur District
Mangrove crabs are a type of crustacean that lives in mangrove and estuary ecosystems. one of the freshwater fishery products that have high economic value that are often caught in Lambur Luar Village using trap fishing gear. Purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of mangrove crabs caught using traps in Lambur Luar Village, Jambi Province. This study was conducted from February 1-16, 2025. The research method used was a census, with data collection techniques using probability sampling. The data observed included the type of mangrove crab, weight, carapace length, carapace width, and sex. Differences in weight, length, and carapace width of mangrove crabs were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that there were three species of mangrove crabs caught, namely Scylla serrata, Scylla olivacea, and Scylla tranquebarica. After ANOVA test and Duncan's further test, it was found that the carapace length between Scylla serrata, Scylla olivacea, and Scylla tranquebarica was significantly different (p≤0.05). while the carapace width and weight were not significantly different (p>0.05). Variations sex ratio in the Scylla serrata species were (0.78:0.22) and Scylla tranquebarica (0.67:0.33), indicating that the male population was more dominant in these two species. While the Scylla olivacea species, the sex ratio was almost balanced, namely (0.51:0.49). The conclusion of this study is that the characteristics of mangrove crabs differ between males and females, and there are significant differences in carapace length between mangrove crab species found in Lambur Luar Village.
Evaluation of Alginate Use as an Immunostimulant in Litopenaeus vannamei Shrimp Aquaculture (Review)
The Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the most important species in global aquaculture but remains highly vulnerable to bacterial, viral, and environmental stressors. Conventional reliance on antibiotics and chemicals has raised concerns over resistance and sustainability, underscoring the need for eco-friendly alternatives. Alginate, a natural polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweeds such as Sargassum, has emerged as a promising immunostimulant and functional feed additive. Experimental studies show that alginate supplementation enhances non-specific immune responses, including total haemocyte count, phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase, phagocytic activity, and total plasma protein. At the molecular level, alginate upregulates immune-related genes (e.g., Toll, LGBP, proPO), resulting in higher resistance against Vibrio spp. and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). In addition, low molecular weight sodium alginate improves antioxidant activity and stress tolerance under cadmium exposure, while dietary supplementation supports growth performance and feed utilization. From a sustainability perspective, converting Sargassum biomass into alginate aligns with circular economy principles by transforming an abundant, underutilized seaweed into high-value aquafeed additives. This reduces dependency on antibiotics and synthetic chemicals while generating added value for coastal communities. Overall, alginate represents a multifunctional and cost-effective strategy to strengthen shrimp immunity, enhance resilience to pathogens and stressors, and promote environmentally responsible aquaculture production.
Hematological Parameters and Growth Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fed Fermented Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Leaf Extract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most important aquaculture species worldwide, but intensive farming has increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, particularly Aeromonas hydrophila, which threatens productivity and survival. This study evaluated fermented papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaf extract (FPLE) as a natural immunostimulant and sustainable alternative to antibiotics in Nile tilapia culture. A 45-day feeding trial was conducted using a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 16, 18, and 20 mL FPLE/kg feed) and three replicates. Hematological, immunological, growth, and bacterial resistance parameters were analyzed. Results showed that supplementation with 20 mL/kg FPLE significantly increased post-infection leukocyte counts (2.82×10⁴ vs. 2.40×10⁴ cells/mm³), phagocytic activity (46.26% vs. 39.51%), and erythrocyte levels (5.85×10⁶ vs. 5.25×10⁶ cells/mm³). Differential leukocyte analysis revealed lymphocyte dominance (90.33%) and elevated monocytes (13.33%), indicating enhanced adaptive and nonspecific immunity. In addition, total bacterial load decreased by 22.4%, and specific growth rate improved (4.34% vs. 4.22%/day), while water quality remained within optimal ranges. The synergistic effects of papaya-derived bioactive compounds and Lactobacillus casei probiotics from Yakult likely contributed to immune enhancement and nutrient absorption. FPLE supplementation at 20 mL/kg optimized immunostimulation without compromising survival (77–84%), demonstrating its dual role in disease prevention and growth promotion. These findings highlight FPLE as a safe, eco-friendly feed additive with strong potential for reducing antibiotic dependence and supporting sustainable tilapia aquaculture.
Potential Implementation of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) for Mangrove Rehabilitation in Poka Village, Ambon City
Mangroves have an important role in supporting community welfare through various ecosystem services. However, in July 2022 there was mangrove damage in Poka Village, which was caused by exposure to waste from pipeline leaks during bridge construction. This incident damaged a mangrove area of 1,394 m2. The absence of market value for ecosystem services means that their benefits were often overlooked in economic decision-making. For this reason, incentive schemes such as Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES), where beneficiaries compensate providers, were considered necessary to reward the role of environmental service providers. The purpose of this study was to describe the potential implementation of PES for mangrove rehabilitation. The study observed the damaged mangrove areas and interviewed 61 respondents. For data analysis, the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used to obtain the value of community’s willingness to pay (WTP) for mangrove rahabilitation. The results showed that the average value of willingness to pay was IDR 39,825.40 per household per month. As a concrete step, this value could be used as the initial amount of incentives in the Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES). Providers could be established or utilize existing institutional structures at the local level. Furthermore, the provider would make monthly or quarterly reports on the use of funds, the results of activities, and the condition of the mangrove ecosystem, which could be accessed by beneficiaries. Therefore, the implementation of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Poka Village had strong prospects to encourage the sustainability of mangrove ecosystem services.
Climate-Resilient Biofloc Aquaculture: Energy Efficiency, System Robustness, and Operational Adaptations under Changing Environmental Conditions (2020–2025)
Climate change poses a significant threat to the sustainability of global aquaculture, including biofloc-based aquaculture systems (BFT). While BFT improves nutrient use efficiency and reduces water consumption, energy efficiency remains a key challenge, especially in terms of energy intensity and oxygen transfer (OTE/SOTE). This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) using the PRISMA 2020 method, focusing on energy efficiency in tilapia cultivation with BFT and adaptation strategies to climate variability. Key findings emphasize the importance of aeration, design optimization, and C/N management in minimizing energy consumption without compromising production. Additionally, integrating technologies like IoT/AI for adaptive DO control shows great potential in reducing energy intensity. This research contributes a systematic framework that links energy metrics with aeration design and operational adaptation strategies, offering guidance for developing more efficient and climate-resilient BFT systems. The study also recommends implementing renewable energy and smart water quality monitoring technologies to enhance aquaculture sustainability.
The Effect of Silkworm (Tubifex sp.) Growth on Rice Field Mud, Chicken Manure, and Tofu Pulp Media with Different Compositions
The rapidly increasing demand for silkworms as natural feed has caused prices to rise, making silkworms a potentially valuable natural feed for farmed fish. To date, the supply of silkworms as natural feed still relies on nature, meaning that silkworms are not available throughout the year, but only during the rainy season. One way to support the availability of silkworms is through cultivation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of chicken manure, rice field mud, and tofu pulp on the growth of silkworms. The method used was a quantitative experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments: P1 (100% mud), P2 (50% mud + 50% chicken manure), P3 (50% mud + 50% tofu pulp), and P4 (50% mud + 25% chicken manure + 25% tofu pulp). The results of the study showed that treatment P4 provided the highest absolute biomass growth with an average of 3.03 g. This indicates that the combination of chicken manure and tofu pulp provides an optimal synergistic effect for worm growth. From these results, it can be concluded that the combination of rice field mud, chicken manure, and tofu pulp (P4) is the most effective medium for silkworm growth.
Analysis of Bottom Gillnet Catches in Lambur Luar Village, Muara Sabak Timur District, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency
The waters of Lambur Luar Village are a productive coastal area that supports capture fisheries activities, one of which is through the use of bottom gillnets. This fishing gear is considered fairly selective and environmentally friendly, making it important to assess its effectiveness in terms of catch composition. This study aims to analyze the main catch, bycatch, and discard from bottom gillnets operated by local fishers. The method used was a survey with purposive sampling on ten fishing units, with four replications per unit. The data were analyzed descriptively and supported by biodiversity indices, including diversity, evenness, and dominance. The results showed that mantis shrimp (Harpiosquilla raphidea) was the dominant main catch, with the highest number and biomass. Bycatch was dominated by demersal fish such as croaker (Johnius trachycephalus), tongue sole (Cynoglossus lingua), Chacunda gizzard shad (Anodontostoma chacunda), fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum), along with several other species. Meanwhile, discards consist of non-economic benthic organisms such as snails, starfish (Asteroidea spp.), horseshoe crabs (Tachypleus gigas), and ghost crabs (Ocypoda quadrata). The diversity index indicated a moderate category, reflecting ecosystem balance, while the dominance index was low, suggesting no single species excessively dominated the ecosystem. In conclusion, bottom gillnets with a mesh size of 3.5 inches proved effective in capturing target organisms suitable for consumption while reducing the proportion of unwanted discards. This indicates that bottom gillnets have the potential to support sustainable fisheries practices without causing significant negative impacts on the benthic ecosystem in the waters of Lambur Luar Village.
Bioremediation in Aquatic Systems: A Literature Review on Fish as Natural Agents for Water Quality Management in Aquaculture
Aquatic animals play a significant role in bioremediation processes in aquatic environments through their natural activities, such as filtering particles, aerating water, and nutrient cycling. This study aims to review the use of aquatic animals as natural biofilters in aquaculture systems, highlighting their efficiency and the supporting role of microbial technology. The method used is a literature review from 24 relevant articles published between 2015 and 2024. Results show that species such as goldfish, catfish, and eels can reduce organic waste, regulate plankton composition, and enhance oxygen levels. Moreover, the integration of probiotics and biotechnologies such as microbial fuel cells, bioaugmentation, and biostimulation improves pollutant degradation and water quality. The implications of these findings suggest that aquatic animal-based bioremediation is a promising and environmentally friendly approach to sustainable aquaculture, reducing reliance on antibiotics and chemical disinfectants while supporting ecological balance and animal health.
Growth of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Cultured Using the Biofloc System at Different Stocking Densities
The cultivation of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using a biofloc system is an aquaculture technology that integrates waste management and the production of natural feed in situ, thereby enhancing productivity efficiently. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of EM4 probiotic application in a biofloc system on the growth and survival rate of catfish under different stocking densities. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four stocking density treatments: P1 (30 fish/30 L), P2 (40 fish/30 L), P3 (50 fish/30 L), and P4 (60 fish/30 L), each with three replications. Observed parameters included absolute weight and length growth, floc content, hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, differential leukocytes and water quality parameters. The treatment P4 showed the most notable effects, with a final absolute weight gain of 11.66 grams and an absolute length increase of 8.11 cm. Furthermore, the probiotic addition had a significant impact on erythrocyte levels and differential leukocyte counts. In contrast, the use of probiotics in the biofloc system did not result in significant differences in hematocrit levels, total leukocyte counts, or biofloc volume.
Survival Rate of Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) Larvae Maintenance at Balai Besar Riset Budidaya Laut dan Penyuluhan Perikanan (BBRBLPP) Gondol
Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) is a high economic commodity that has euryhaline properties. The maintenance of barramundi larvae is quite crucial in its cultivation efforts. This study aims to determine the survival rate of barramundi during maintenance at the Balai Besar Riset Budidaya Laut dan Penyuluhan Perikanan (BBRBLPP) Gondol, Bali. The activity lasted for 35 days, observing the parameters of larvae development, type and variety of feed, and water quality. The feed used consisted of natural feed such as Rotifera sp., Nanochloropsis sp., and Artemia sp., as well as artificial feed in the form of PSP and KAIO 3. Feeding was carried out gradually according to the age of larvae with adjusted frequencies and doses. The results showed that larvae showed progressive morphological and behavioral development from day 0 to day 27. The survival rate achieved was 79% of the total 40,000 larvae released, far exceeding the SNI standard (20%). Water quality during maintenance was within the optimal range. Additional efforts such as adding probiotic, daily siphoning, and water changes contributed to successful rearing. These results demonstrate that the combination of good feed and optimal water quality management significantly influences the success of barramundi larval cultivation. This study provides an important foundation for the development of efficient and sustainable large-scale barramundi cultivation.
Development Strategy to Increase Sales of Frozen Fish Products Produced by CV. Novira Abadi
Indonesia is known as a maritime country with a sea area of 3.25 million km², accounting for about 63% of its total territory. The sustainable potential of Indonesia’s marine fish production is estimated at 6.51 million tons per year, or around 8.2% of the world’s total potential. Banda Aceh is one of the coastal cities with enormous fisheries potential. Its waters are rich in fish resources, offering significant opportunities for the development of the fisheries industry. However, this potential has not been fully optimized. One major problem faced by the fisheries industry in Banda Aceh is the lack of effective marketing strategies, particularly in the frozen fish industry. CV. Novira Abadi, as one of the companies operating in this sector, often experiences unstable sales, resulting in uncontrolled stock accumulation. This condition is aggravated by the absence of an integrated marketing approach. This research aims to analyze the development strategy to improve frozen fish sales at CV. Novira Abadi through a SWOT analysis. A qualitative method was applied using observation and interviews. The SWOT analysis results show that opportunities scored the highest (1.92), followed by strengths (1.87), weaknesses (0.99), and threats (0.83). The company’s position in the SWOT matrix falls into quadrant I, indicating a favorable condition for implementing an aggressive growth strategy. The recommended strategies include developing new products, expanding distribution channels, and leveraging social media for promotion. Additionally, continuous market research and competitor analysis are necessary to strengthen competitiveness and ensure business sustainability for CV. Novira Abadi industry.
Analysis of Perception and Compliance of Sibolga Purse Seine Fishermen Based on Licensed Fishing Ground
The purse seine fishery in Sibolga plays a vital role in fish production but faces challenges regarding compliance with licensed fishing ground regulations. Non-compliance, driven by economic pressure and declining fish stocks, threatens resource sustainability and fishermen’s welfare. This study aimed to analyze fishermen’s perceptions and compliance levels regarding the use of licensed fishing areas and their relationship to regulatory enforcement. The research was conducted from January-March 2024 at Sibolga Archipelago Fishing Port, North Sumatra, one of the main landing bases for purse seine vessels. Data were collected from 115 respondents, consisting of vessel captains and mates, using structured questionnaires and direct interviews. Observations and secondary data from fisheries institutions supported the primary data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test to determine differences in perceptions and compliance among fishing groups categorized by vessel tonnage and fishing zones. The results showed that fishermen’s perceptions of potential fishing grounds and fish resource availability were relatively uniform across groups, indicating a shared view that fishing effort continues to expand to secure catches. In contrast, perceptions of VMS usage differed significantly, with the 30–100 GT small pelagic purse seine group acknowledging its role in detecting violations. Compliance levels also varied, with the 30–100 GT small pelagic purse seine operating in <12-mile zones showing the lowest compliance. It is concluded that stricter enforcement, effective monitoring, and targeted empowerment programs are necessary to enhance compliance and ensure sustainable fisheries management in Sibolga.
Effectiveness Test of Aquaculture Systems: Green Water, Biofloc, and Aquaponic Systems on the Stress Response of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata)
Water quality is a key factor in the cultivation of snakehead fish (Channa striata) because it can influence the level of physiological stress that impacts the health and growth of the fish. Three cultivation systems commonly used to manage water quality sustainably are the green water system, biofloc, and aquaponics. All three have different approaches to recycling waste and maintaining the balance of the cultivation environment. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the three systems in maintaining water quality and reducing physiological stress in snakehead fish. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments and three replications. The parameters observed included levels of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved oxygen (DO), and blood glucose levels as an indicator of stress. The results showed that the biofloc system produced the lowest blood glucose level (54 mg/dL), as well as the lowest nitrite and nitrate concentrations compared to the other treatments. Meanwhile, the biofloc system green water produces ammonia and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, but biofloc is the most stable in maintaining water quality and the health of snakehead fish.
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Journal of Fish Health
Growth and Hematological Response of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Dietary Supplementation with Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Extract
This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with Eichhornia crassipes leaf extract on the growth performance and hematological parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, with moderate antioxidant activity (50.89% DPPH inhibition). Experimental treatments showed that fish receiving moderate levels of the extract had significantly higher erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, indicating improved oxygen transport and immune function. Additionally, the group with the highest absolute weight gain suggests better nutrient absorption. All treatments maintained a 100% survival rate and stable water quality, confirming the extract’s safety and environmental compatibility. These results support the use of E. crassipes as a sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic growth promoters in aquaculture. Further research is recommended to investigate its long-term effects and mechanisms of action.
Immunostimulation of Nile Tilapia Through the Provision of Synbiotic Feed (Eleutherine bulbosa and Probiotic) to Prevent Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) Disease
Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) is one of the bacterial diseases that attacks and causes mass death of nile tilapia. Disease control in fish farming using synthetic antibiotics has caused problems in aquaculture, such as bacterial resistance to antibiotics, drug residues in fish, and water pollution. Therefore, alternative measures to control MAS that are safe and environmentally friendly, such as the application of immonostimulant that use organic ingredients, are needed. This research aims to determine potency of immunostimulation of nile tilapia trough feeding of synbiotic feed namely prebiotic Eleutherine bulbosa powder (Ebp) and probiotic containing Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as for prevention MAS disease. The fish were reared for 21 days, in reared for the first 14 days, the fish were given synbiotic feed then for the next 7 days they were given feed without synbiotics. The fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila on day 15th. Experimental design used was completely randomized design with four treatments: 0 g Ebp and 0 ml probiotics in 1 kg of feed (synbiotic free feed), 7.5 g, 10 g, and 12.5 g Ebp each with 15 ml probiotics in 1 kg of feed. The results showed that feeding the fish with synbiotic feed, especially the treatment Ebp12.5, give significantly different results on parameters prevalence, fish recovery, survival rate of the fish test. This research concluded that treatment of Ebp 12.5 was the best dosage of immunostimulant to prevent MAS disease in nile tilapia.
The Effect of Egg White Powder Concentration on The Quality of Meatballs Based on Surimi from Tilapia, Catfish and Pangasius
Surimi is a processed freshwater fish product which is the main raw material for various food products, one of which is fish meatballs. The use of freshwater fish has disadvantages in terms of sensory characteristics, so it is necessary to add other ingredients. One of the additional ingredients that has great potential to affect the characteristics of fish meatball surimi is EWP. This study aims to determine the effect of EWP concentration in surimi from different types of freshwater fish on the characteristics of sensory properties, pH, and yield. The variations in EWP concentration used were 0%; 3% and 6%. Sensory testing included appearance, texture, taste, and aroma. The results showed that appearance, texture, taste and aroma had a significant effect with the best treatment of 0% EWP on catfish and pangasius meatball surimi and 3% EWP on tilapia meatball surimi. The effect of variations in EWP concentration on the pH value of fish meatball surimi did not have a significant effect. The best yield was obtained with the treatment of 6% EWP on each catfish, pangasius and tilapia surimi. The selected catfish and pangasius fish surimi meatballs were 0% EWP concentration while tilapia fish surimi meatballs were 3% EWP concentration because they provided the best meatball quality. The addition of EWP affected the appearance, taste, texture and aroma with the best treatment at a concentration of 3% EWP tilapia fish surimi meatballs and had no significant effect on the pH value, and the best yield at 6% EWP.
The Effect of Different Salinity on Moulting of Mud Crab (Scylla serrata) in Controlled Media
Mud crab (Scylla serrata) is a fishery commodity that has high economic value and has a wide salinity tolerance so that its growth can be developed. The growth of mud crabs can be influenced by genetic traits such as moulting. In cultivation activities there are methods that can accelerate the moulting process such as environmental engineering (increasing and decreasing the salinity of the maintenance media) and mutilation. This study aims to determine the growth and fastest moulting time of crabs in media with different salinities in controlled media. The method used is an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications, namely: (Control), (P1: 5 ppt), (P2: 10 ppt), (P3: 15 ppt) and (P4: 20 ppt) which are given to mud crabs for 45 days. The results showed that at 5 ppt salinity obtained the fastest moulting time which was 24.3 days and the longest was at 20 ppt salinity for 39 days, while the highest growth was obtained in the 15 ppt salinity treatment with an average absolute weight of 27.3 grams and the lowest was in the control treatment with an average absolute weight of 18.3 grams.