The Journal of Fish Health (JFH) has an objective to publish and provide high-quality scientific contributions to the field of fish health. These contributions are sourced from innovative research that encourages science and technology development in the field of fish health on a national and international scale. This journal serves as a communication medium for researchers, academics, students, and communities. This journal is published four times a year in February, May, August, and November since 2024.
Study Program of Aquaculture, Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram
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Analysis of Cadmium Heavy Metal Content in Blood Cockles (Anadara granosa) at Cemara Waters, West Lombok
Blood cockles are widely distributed in the coastal waters of West Lombok and are commonly consumed due to their high nutritional value. However, as filter-feeding organisms, cockles have the ability to bioaccumulate heavy metals, making them effective bioindicators of aquatic pollution. This study aimed to analyze the concentration of Cadmium (Cd) in blood cockles (Anadara granosa) and sediments collected from the coastal waters of Pantai Cemara, West Lombok. Sampling was conducted from January to September 2025 at three observation stations determined based on fishermen’s information regarding potential pollution sources. The results showed that Cd concentrations in cockles ranged from 0.039 to 0.047 mg/kg, with an average value of 0.044 mg/kg. Cd concentrations in sediments ranged from 0.013 to 0,019 mg/kg, also well below the sediment quality guideline value of 25 mg/kg.
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Carbon Sequestration Potential of Kappaphycus alvarezii Seaweed Cultivation in Bondo Waters, Jepara Regency, Indonesia
Global warming poses a critical challenge worldwide, driven by high levels of carbon emissions. This study aims to evaluate the carbon sequestration potential of Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed cultivated using the longline system in Bondo waters, Mlonggo District, Jepara Regency. The research involves measuring carbon absorption, analyzing carbon content, estimating the total carbon sequestration potential of the cultivation area, and assessing the relationship between water quality parameters and carbon absorption levels. Samples were collected periodically on days 14, 28, 42, and 49 during a single cultivation cycle. Results reveal a total carbon absorption of 305.21 tons of C per cycle (1,831.27 tons of C per year) with the highest carbon content recorded at 43.68% on day 28. The total carbon sequestration potential across an effective cultivation area of 44.36 hectares is estimated at 40,617.79 tons of C annually. The study also identifies a positive correlation between carbon absorption, biomass growth, and water quality parameters such as brightness, salinity, and pH. These findings support the development of seaweed cultivation as a viable solution for mitigating carbon emissions through integration into carbon trading schemes and blue economy programs. This research makes a significant contribution toward Indonesia's net zero emissions target by 2060 while offering sustainable economic and social benefits for coastal communities. Further studies are recommended to explore the long-term effects of repeated cultivation cycles and the diversification of other seaweed species.
Effectiveness of Octopus (Octopus sp.) Ink Extract on the Growth of Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila
Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) is an important aquaculture commodity in Indonesia; however, its productivity can be constrained by disease outbreaks, including Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The use of natural feed additives containing nutritional and bioactive compounds is a promising strategy to improve fish growth and health. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of octopus (Octopus sp.) ink extract supplemented in feed on the growth performance of Mozambique tilapia infected with A. hydrophila. The study was conducted for 45 days using a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of a positive control, namely feed without octopus ink extract with A. hydrophila infection (K+); a negative control, namely feed without octopus ink extract and without A. hydrophila infection (K-); and feed supplemented with octopus ink extract at 50, 100, and 150 ml/kg feed followed by A. hydrophila infection (A, B, and C, respectively). The observed growth parameters were absolute weight gain, absolute length gain, specific weight growth rate, and specific length growth rate. The results showed that octopus ink extract supplementation improved all growth parameters compared with the positive control. The best performance was obtained in treatment B (100 ml/kg feed), with an absolute weight gain of 10.77±1.53 g, absolute length gain of 2.65±0.39 cm, specific weight growth rate of 2.59±0.11%/day, and specific length growth rate of 2.16±0.05%/day. Therefore, octopus ink extract has potential as a natural feed additive to enhance the growth performance of Mozambique tilapia challenged with A. hydrphila.
Deep Learning and Streaming Data for Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring in Shrimp Aquaculture: A Systematic Literature Review
Shrimp aquaculture is a critical part of the global seafood industry but remains highly vulnerable to environmental fluctuations and disease outbreaks, largely due to inadequate water quality management. Recent advances in deep learning and real-time streaming data offer promising solutions for intelligent monitoring and control. This systematic literature review evaluates state-of-the-art approaches integrating deep learning models and streaming architectures for water quality monitoring in shrimp aquaculture. Following PRISMA guidelines, 38 peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025 were selected from Scopus, with emphasis on tropical aquaculture systems. The findings are organized into four themes: predictive deep learning models, smart sensing technologies and data sources, streaming and edge computing architectures, and behavioral monitoring with production outcomes. LSTM, GRU, and CNN models show strong performance in predicting dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature. Data are commonly collected through IoT sensors, UAVs, and AI-based imaging systems, enabling high-speed acquisition and detailed spatial information. Streaming platforms such as Apache Kafka, combined with embedded AI and edge computing, support near-real-time analytics and responsive system operation. Visual behavioral monitoring further enables early detection of stress indicators and improves operational efficiency. Overall, integrating deep learning with streaming data can substantially enhance sustainability and efficiency in shrimp farming. However, challenges remain in standardization, scalability, and behavioral modeling. Future research should prioritize benchmarking, hybrid edge–cloud architectures, and long-term validation studies.
Screening Antibacterial Activity in Soft Coral Extract Sinularia sp. from Pahawang Island Waters, Lampung
Sinularia sp. is one of the most widespread and abundant types of soft coral in Indonesian waters. The soft coral Sinularia sp. haves many bioactive compounds to use as a patogen antibacterial agent. The aim of this research was to compare the antibacterial activity from the soft coral Sinularia sp. against the pathogenic bacterial strain Escherichia coli. Samples of the soft coral Sinularia sp. were collected by SCUBA diving equipment at around Pahawang Island, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung, Indonesia, in July 2025. In this study, two species of soft corals, Sinularia polydactyla and Sinularia flexibilis, were found at the research site. The extract yields for soft coral species used methanol resulted in higher values compared to ethyl acetate and hexane. The antibacterial activity of the extract soft corals against the pathogenic bacteria E. coli used ethyl acetate solvent better than methanol and hexane. Soft coral extract for Sinularia sp. with ethyl acetate solvent can be used as antibacterial candidates against the pathogenic bacteria E. coli.
Optimization of Probiotic Dosage in Tomato Meal-Enriched Diet to Improve Growth and Feed Utilization Efficiency in Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Probiotics and prebiotics are promising functional feed additives in aquaculture because they can improve gut health, nutrient utilization, growth, and survival of cultured aquatic species. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different probiotic dosages in a tomato meal enriched diet on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, and survival of whiteleg shrimp. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design consisting of four treatment and three replicates. The treatments included PR-5, PR-10, and PR-15, representing tomato meal-enriched diet supplemented with 5, 10, and 15 mL probiotic/kg feed, respectively, and WPR, representing tomato meal-enriched diet without probiotic supplementation. The shrimp were reared for 30 days and evaluated for weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, and survival rate. The results showed that probiotic supplementation significantly affected weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, and survival rate (P < 0.05), but did not significantly affect specific growth rate on day 15 or day 30 (P > 0.05). The PR-15 treatment produced the highest weight gain of 7.53 g, the lowest feed conversion ratio of 15.68, the highest feed efficiency of 6.39%, and the highest survival rate of 80.00%. These findings indicate that supplementation with 15 mL probiotic/kg feed in a tomato-meal enriched diet was the most effective treatment for improving growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, and survival of whiteleg shrimp. Therefore, this dietary strategy may support more efficient and sustainable whiteleg shrimp culture.
Analysis of the Use of Cashless Payment Methods by Evi Tenggiri MSMEs Consumers in Bengkulu City
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the Indonesian economy and the culinary MSME sector in Bengkulu City is growing rapidly, supported by abundant marine resources and increasing consumer demand. In this context, the fish-based culinary business Evi Tenggiri has begun adopting cashless payment systems such as e-wallets, mobile banking, QRIS, and debit/credit cards, yet cash transactions still dominate daily operations. This study aims to analyze the level of cashless payment usage and to identify the factors that influence consumers in using cashless payments at Evi Tenggiri MSMEs in Bengkulu City. An accidental sampling technique was applied to consumers who conducted cashless transactions within the last month. Descriptive analysis was used to describe respondent characteristics and the intensity of cashless payment usage, while binary logistic regression was employed to examine the determinants of usage. The results indicate that most consumers are in the “frequently use” category, although cashless payments have not fully replaced cash in routine transactions. Furthermore, ease of use and service quality have a significant positive effect on the likelihood of using cashless payments, whereas security and compatibility do not show a significant influence. These findings suggest that consumer decisions are primarily driven by practical benefits directly perceived during transactions rather than by security concerns or lifestyle considerations. The study concludes that strengthening cashless payment adoption in MSMEs requires improving ease of use and service quality while maintaining adequate security standards.
Potential of Halophilic Bacteria from Hypersaline Waters to Reduce Polyethylene Microplastic Abundance in Artemia sp. Culture: A Preliminary Indication of Degradation Based on Gravimetric Weight Loss
Polyethylene (PE) microplastic contamination in aquaculture systems can increase plastic particle exposure in zooplankton, including Artemia sp., while also elevating the risk of biological disturbance in cultured organisms. This study evaluated the potential of halophilic bacteria isolated from hypersaline waters to reduce PE microplastic abundance in Artemia sp. and to provide a preliminary indication of PE degradation based on gravimetric weight loss. A completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications was applied: P0 (without microplastics and bacteria), KN (PE 2 mg/L), KP (bacteria 106 CFU/mL), P1 (PE 2 mg/L + bacteria 106 CFU/mL), P2 (PE 2 mg/L + bacteria 107 CFU/mL), and P3 (PE 2 mg/L + bacteria 108 CFU/mL). The primary response variables were microplastic abundance in Artemia sp. and PE degradation efficiency, whereas growth, survival, and water quality were treated as supporting variables. The treatments significantly affected microplastic abundance in Artemia sp. KN produced the highest abundance (0.1100 particles/individual), whereas bacterial addition reduced the value to 0.0267 particles/individual in P1, 0.0267 in P2, and 0.0467 in P3. PE weight loss ranged from 20.0% to 31.1%, with the highest value recorded in P1. These findings suggest that a halophilic bacterial inoculum of 106 CFU/mL was the most promising level for early-stage PE bioremediation in Artemia culture systems. Nevertheless, because degradation was assessed only by gravimetric loss, the result should be interpreted as a preliminary indication and still requires abiotic controls, SEM, and FTIR confirmation.
Sublethal Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics Alters Swimming Behaviour and Reduces Survival of Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Polystyrene microplastics (PS) in aquaculture systems may impair shrimp behaviour and survival, yet experimental evidence directly linking exposure intensity with easily observable behavioural indicators remains limited. This study evaluated the effects of sublethal PS exposure on swimming behaviour and survival of whiteleg shrimp during a 45-day rearing period. A completely randomized design was applied using four treatments: 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg/L PS, each with three replicates. PL-30 whiteleg shrimp were stocked at 20 individuals per 20-L container. Swimming behaviour was repeatedly assessed using three categories: BN (normal swimming), BL (weak swimming), and BL;DD (weak swimming with bottom-resting tendency). Survival data were analysed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range test at a 5% significance level, whereas behavioural observations were interpreted descriptively. Behavioural deterioration followed a consistent dose-related pattern. The control group remained normal throughout the observation period, while the 20–30 mg/L treatments shifted earlier toward BL and BL;DD. Survival was highest in the control (73.33 ± 5.77%) and declined to 31.67–36.67% in PS-exposed groups. ANOVA indicated a significant treatment effect on survival (F(3,8) = 28.263; p < 0.001), and Duncan’s test separated the control from all exposed treatments, whereas the 10–30 mg/L treatments remained in the same homogeneous subset. Because water quality remained within an acceptable range, the behavioural shift and reduced survival were more plausibly linked to PS exposure than to deterioration in rearing conditions. These findings highlight swimming behaviour as a practical early-warning indicator in shrimp culture exposed to microplastics.
The Effect of Noni Fruit (Morinda citrofolia) on Controlling Argulus sp. in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Argulus sp. is one of the ectoparasites that commonly infects common carp (Cyprinus common carpio) and can reduce fish health and productivity. One environmentally friendly control method is the use of natural ingredients such as noni fruit (Morinda citrofolia) which contains bioactive compounds that have antiparasitic properties. This study aimed to analyze the effect of noni fruit extract on the control of Argulus sp. in common carp and to determine the effective dosage for controlling the parasite. The study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments of noni fruit extract concentration: P1 (1%), P2 (2%), P3 (3%), and P4 (4%) with five replications. The observed parameters included fish survival rate, Argulus sp. mortality time, parasite mortality, prevalence, and intensity of parasite infestation. The result showed that the administration of noni fruit extract had a significant effect on mortality, prevalence and intensity of Argulus sp. infestation. The best treatment was obtained at a concentration of 2% (P2), with a fish survival rate of 100%, Argulus sp. mortality of 98,67%, prevalence of 4 %, and infestation intensity of 0.2 parasites each fish.
The Effect of Giving Ketapang Leaves and Betel Leaves on the Survival Rate of Betta Fish (Betta splendens)
A common problem faced by betta fish breeders during the hatchery stage is the low survival rate of fry, as they are highly susceptible to changes in water quality and disease. Therefore, fry management is necessary to increase survival rates by using natural ingredients that are environmentally friendly and do not cause resistance. Ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa) and betel leaves (Piper betle) can be used because they contain active compounds such as flavonoids, which have antimicrobial properties that can help inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi in the water. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate dosage of ketapang leaves and betel leaves for the survival rate of betta fry. This study used an experimental method, namely RAL with 4 treatments and 3 replications, the treatments tested were P0 (control): no treatment, P1: 1 g/l ketapang leaves, P2: 1 g/l betel leaves, P3: 0.5 g/l ketapang leaves and 0.5 g/l betel leaves. The parameters tested included absolute weight, absolute length, specific weight growth, daily length growth and survival rate. The results showed that the average absolute weight of betta fish ranged from 0.193-0.444 g, the average absolute length ranged from 2.379-3.021 cm, the average specific growth rate ranged from 0.015-0.006%/day, the average daily growth rate ranged from 0.034-0.019%/day, and the average survival rate ranged from 60.00-13.33%.
Application of Commercial Probiotics to Control Vibrio sp. in Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Culture at PT Sumber Agromina Jaya
Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a leading aquaculture commodity with high economic value and can be farmed intensively with high stocking density. Intensive farming systems have the potential to increase the accumulation of organic matter and metabolic waste, which can trigger the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Vibrio sp. The presence of these bacteria can cause health disturbances in shrimp and reduce survival rates. The purpose of this study is to determine and test the effectiveness of probiotics in suppressing the population of Vibrio sp. in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming. Data collection methods were carried out primarily and secondarily through direct observation, interviews, active participation in the field, documentation, and literature studies. Control techniques were performed through several stages, namely pond preparation, probiotic culture using molasses and skim milk, mixing probiotics into feed, application of probiotics to ponds. as well as routine monitoring of water quality. The observed parameters include nitrate (NO₃), nitrite (NO₂), ammonium (NH₄), phosphate (PO₄), alkalinity, Total Organic Matter (TOM), and the total population of Vibrio sp. The results of the study showed that the application of commercial probiotics was effective in suppressing the growth of Vibrio sp. with a population density of 103-104 CFU/ml during cultivation through the mechanisms of nutrient competition and the production of antibacterial compounds, as well as helping to maintain the stability of pond water quality within the optimal range for shrimp growth.
Efficacy of Kremah (Alternanthera sp.) Leaf Extract in Reducing Methomyl-Induced Effects on Leukocyte Response in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Intensification of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farming around agricultural land increases the risk of contamination by the toxic and genotoxic pesticide methomyl, which can trigger oxidative stress, and immune system disorders. The use of natural materials with antioxidant potential, such as kremah (Alternanthera sp.) leaf extract, is an alternative to mitigate these effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of immersion in kremah leaf extract on the leukocyte differential of tilapia exposed to methomyl. A completely randomized design was applied, consisting of four treatments with three replications, namely control, and doses of 20, 30, and 40 ppm. The fish were exposed to 3.2 ppm methomyl for 96 hours and then immersed in the extract for 14 days. The observed parameters comprised leukocyte differential, clinical signs, and water quality, all of which were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by an LSD test (p < 0.05). The findings indicated that methomyl exposure led to an increase in monocytes while reducing lymphocyte levels. Immersed in 40 ppm extract for 14 days provided the best results by decreasing monocytes (4.00%), as well as increasing lymphocytes (82.00%) and hemoglobin levels to near normal. It was concluded that kremah leaf extract effectively mitigates oxidative stress and genetic damage caused by methomyl, with an optimal dose of 40 ppm for 14 days.
Trophic Structure and Vulnerability of Fish Species Exploited by Bottom Gillnet in the Coastal Waters of Lambur Luar Village, Jambi, Indonesia
Small-scale fisheries in coastal areas utilize various fishing gears, including bottom gillnet, which can catch fish species with different trophic levels. Fishing activities may influence the trophic structure of fish communities and the vulnerability of species to exploitation. This study aimed to analyze the trophic structure, vulnerability level, conservation status based on the IUCN Red List, and Mean Trophic Level (MTL) of fish species caught using bottom gillnet in the coastal waters of Lambur Luar Village, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency. The study used a survey method with data collected through direct observation of fishermen's catches. Data analysis included catch species composition, trophic level values ​​obtained from the FishBase database, vulnerability analysis of each species, identification of IUCN conservation status, and calculation of Mean Trophic Level (MTL) based on the proportion of catch composition. The results showed that the catches consisted of 20 species, with trophic groups dominated by mesopredators (50%) and top predators (25%), while omnivores and herbivores were found in smaller proportions. Vulnerability analysis indicated that most species were categorized as having low to moderate vulnerability, although several species showed high vulnerability to fishing pressure. Based on the IUCN Red List, most species were classified as Least Concern (LC). The calculated Mean Trophic Level (MTL) was 3.2, indicating that the catches were dominated by mid-level carnivorous fish species.
Study of the Presence of Streptococcosis in Tilapia Cultivation in Banyumas Regency
Tilapia is the most widely cultivated fish in Banyumas which is susceptible to bacterial diseases caused by the increasing number of disease cases in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) due to high cultivation intensification. One of the diseases that often attacks is streptococcosis caused by the bacteria Streptococcus sp., which can cause mass mortality and major economic losses for farmers. The purpose of this study was to identify pathogenic bacteria in farmed tilapia in Banyumas. The method used in this study was a purposive sampling method, namely by taking samples of tilapia that have characteristics of disease symptoms such as protruding eyes, damaged fins, and red wounds on the scales from three locations, namely Beji Village, Karangsalam Village, and Pasir Wetan Village. Bacterial samples were obtained from four organs, namely the brain, kidneys, eyes, and liver, then observed the morphology of bacterial colonies and Gram KOH tests were carried out. The results showed that bacterial colonies found in most organs were round to irregular in shape, white to yellowish in color, and Gram positive, which shows the characteristics of Streptococcus sp. bacteria. Based on these results, it can be concluded that Streptococcus sp. bacteria are still the main threat in tilapia cultivation in Banyumas, so it is necessary to take preventive measures through the implementation of good biosecurity, the use of immunostimulants, and the development of vaccines to maintain the sustainability of tilapia cultivation businesses, especially in Banyumas Regency.
Identification and Characterization of Fungi Associated with Shrimp from Whiteleg Shrimp Ponds in East Java
Fungal infections in shrimp are one of the main challenges in shrimp farming activities that have the potential to reduce productivity levels and crop quality. Fungi are known as opportunistic microorganisms that can cause serious problems, especially when pond environmental conditions are not supportive. Fungal attacks generally occur when shrimp experience physiological stress due to temperature fluctuations, changes in salinity, decreased water quality, or excessively high stocking densities. This study was conducted to identify and characterize the types of fungi associated with shrimp ponds in three main cultivation areas in East Java, namely Banyuwangi, Jember, and Gresik. The fungal isolation process was carried out using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) media and incubated at 27°C. Morphological identification was carried out by observing the characteristics of colonies, the shape and color of hyphae, and the structure of conidia. The results of the observations obtained were 6 fungal isolates divided into two main groups, namely yeast including Candida sp., Rhodotorula sp., and Brettanomyces sp. The most commonly found mold species were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus niger. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of fungal probiotics in shrimp farming ecosystems and serve as a basis for developing disease prevention strategies for whiteleg shrimp in East Java's shrimp ponds.
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria in Giant Gourami (Osphronemus gouramy) Cultivated in Tamansari and Singasari Villages, Banyumas Regency
Giant gourami (Osphronemus gouramy) is a freshwater fishery commodity with high economic value and is widely cultivated in Banyumas Regency. However, the emergence of diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria often becomes an obstacle in cultivation activities because it can reduce the survival rate and productivity of fish. This study aims to identify the types of pathogenic bacteria found in gouramy fish raised in Tamansari and Singasari Villages, Banyumas Regency. The research method was carried out by taking liver samples of gouramy fish which were then isolated on TSA media. Identification was carried out based on the morphological characteristics of bacterial colonies, the Gram KOH test, and molecular identification. The results showed that from both locations, several bacterial isolates were obtained with similar colony morphological characteristics, namely round (circular), small size, smooth edges, smooth surface, and cream color. The results of the Gram KOH test showed that all isolates were Gram-negative bacteria. Based on these characteristics, the isolates have similarities with the genus Acinetobacter which is often found as an opportunistic bacteria in freshwater fish. The results of molecular identification also showed that the bacteria obtained from the cultivated gouramy fish were Acinetobacter sp. This study provides a preliminary overview of the presence of opportunistic bacteria such as Acinetobacter sp., which have the potential to become pathogens in gourami when water quality conditions are unstable.
Characterization and Inventory of Ectoparasites in Cultivated Fish at the Aquaculture Technology Development Center (BPTPB) Cangkringan, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta
Fish farming has increased significantly compared to capture fisheries due to overfishing and the excessive exploitation of wild fish resources. However, the intensification of aquaculture systems is often followed by the emergence of various diseases, including ectoparasite infestations. Ectoparasites are important pathogens that can reduce fish productivity and health status. Their presence may cause clinical symptoms such as wounds and hemorrhages on the skin and gills, respiratory disorders, abnormal swimming behavior, and even mortality in fish. This study aimed to identify and inventory the types of ectoparasites infesting cultured fish at the Center for Aquaculture Technology Development (BPTPB) Cangkringan, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta, and to determine their prevalence and intensity levels. The research applied a descriptive method through field observations and microscopic examinations, with scraping techniques performed on the skin, fins, and gills of fish. A total of 85 fish samples were examined, consisting of tilapia (n=20), carp (n=21), koi (n=24), and catfish (n=20). The results revealed six ectoparasite taxa infecting cultured fish: Trichodina, Gyrodactylus, Dactylogyrus, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Myxobolus, and Epistylis. Among these, Trichodina showed the highest prevalence and intensity, reaching 100% prevalence with an intensity of 840.5 parasite individuals per fish. In contrast, the lowest values were recorded for Gyrodactylus, with a prevalence of 4.76% and an intensity of 1 parasite individual per fish. These findings indicate the need for effective fish health management and parasite control strategies to prevent infections that may reduce aquaculture productivity.
Development of a Community-Based Sustainable Coral Reef Ecosystem Conservation Model through the Integration of Local Wisdom and Scientific Approaches in North Lombok Regency
Coral reef ecosystems in North Lombok Regency are increasingly threatened by overfishing, destructive practices, pollution, and climate change, despite their vital role in supporting biodiversity and coastal livelihoods. This study aims to identify and analyze the ecological, socio-economic conditions, and local wisdom of coastal communities in the development of a community-based sustainable marine conservation model in North Lombok Regency. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling on 50 respondents consisting of fishermen, marine tourism operators, and coastal communities involved in the utilization of marine resources. Data collection methods included field surveys, coral reef condition observations, water quality parameter measurements, and the distribution of questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Data analysis used a quantitative and qualitative descriptive approach integrated into the formulation of a conceptual model. The results showed that (1) live coral cover was in the good category, ranging from 60 to 70%, and was supported by relatively stable water quality parameters, (2) the community had a high level of economic dependence on marine resources, (3) local wisdom such as Awig-awig still plays a role in regulating resource use, but has not been systematically integrated with a scientific approach, and (4) the development of a conservation model that integrates quantitative biophysical data with social legitimacy based on local wisdom within the village institutional framework is considered feasible to implement. This model emphasizes the importance of community participation, regional policy support, technical assistance, and conservation-based economic incentives to ensure ecosystem sustainability and the welfare of coastal communities.
Lalu Achmad Tan Tilar Wangsajati Sukmaring Kalih
Cover, Editorial Boards, Table of Contents
Effect of Different Salinity on Growth and Survival of Mud Crab (Scylla serrata)
Mud crab (Scylla serrata) is a group of crustaceans that live in mangrove and estuarine ecosystems. Mud crab have potential with high economic value and have a lot of interest from local and international communities because they have very high nutritional value. In cultivation activities, one of the factors that affect the growth and survival of mud crab is water quality. One of the most important water quality parameters in mud crab cultivation is salinity. Salinity is a water quality parameter that has a limiting factor on the metabolic and physiological conditions of mud crab. This study aims to determine the effect of different salinities on the growth and survival of mud crab (Scylla serrata). The method used in this study is an experimental method with a complete randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replicates, namely P1: 5 g L-1, P2: 10 g L-1, P3: 15 g L-1, P4: 20 g L-1 and K (control): 28 g L-1. The results showed that the best mud crab growth was in the 15 g L-1 salinity treatment, the value obtained in absolute weight growth of 12.33 ± 4.93 g, the specific weight growth rate value of 0.28 ± 0.10%/day with a survival rate of 100%. It can be concluded that different salinity treatments have a significant effect on the growth and survival of mud crab.
The Effect of Citrit Acid-Glucose NADES Ratio on Young Avicennia marina Leaf Extract
Mangrove ecosystems are widely acknowledged as valuable natural sources of bioactive compounds with potential applications in functional food and pharmaceutical industries. Avicennia marina leaves, in particular, contain diverse secondary metabolites; however, the efficiency of their extraction is strongly influenced by solvent type and polarity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different ratios of citric acid–glucose-based natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) on extraction yield, pH, and phytochemical profile of young A. marina leaf extracts. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied, consisting of four treatments of citric acid:glucose ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4) with four replications. Extraction was performed at 50°C for 60 minutes using a material-to-solvent ratio of 1:20 (w/v). The findings indicated that increasing the proportion of citric acid in the NADES formulation significantly enhanced extraction yield, with the highest yield (20.40%) obtained at the 4:1 ratio. The extract pH ranged from 1.79 to 1.88 and decreased as the citric acid proportion increased. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, while saponins, steroids, and terpenoids were not detected. Overall, these results demonstrate that citric acid–glucose-based NADES serve as an effective green solvent system for extracting polar bioactive compounds from young A. marina leaves.
The Effectiveness of Halymenia durvillei Extract as Antibacterial Agent Against Fish Pathogenic Bacteria In Vitro
The use of antibiotics in aquaculture has raised serious concerns regarding the emergence of bacterial resistance and adverse environmental impacts. Red seaweed (Halymenia durvillei) is known to contain bioactive secondary metabolites with potential antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of ethanol extract of H. durvillei against four fish pathogenic bacteria, namely Edwardsiella tarda, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution assays. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design consisting of five extract concentrations (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5%) with five replications. The results showed that E. tarda exhibited the largest inhibition zone (16.2 mm) at 100% extract concentration, followed by A. salmonicida (10.8 mm) and A. hydrophila (10.4 mm). In contrast, V. parahaemolyticus did not produce an inhibition zone in the agar diffusion assay. The broth microdilution test revealed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 25% and 50%, respectively, for all tested bacteria. The red seaweed extract demonstrated both bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity, indicating its potential as a natural antibacterial alternative for disease control in aquaculture.
Water Resource Management Strategy for the Development of Ecotourism in Lake Seran, Banjarbaru Based on Micmac Strategic Variable Typology Analysis
Tourism has great potential to drive economic growth and act as a catalyst for the development of other sectors, and one promising destination in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, is Danau Seran, a notable example of transformation from a former mining site operated by PT Galuh Cempaka into a nature-based tourist attraction offering activities such as boating, fishing, and enjoying scenic views. This study aims to formulate a sustainable water resource management strategy to support ecotourism development at Lake Seran, Banjarbaru, using a typology analysis of strategic variables through the MICMAC method. Water resource management in this area is challenging because Lake Seran was formed from a former mining area. The approach used in this study is a prospective structural analysis with in-depth interviews and MICMAC software input to analyze the relationship between variables that influence water management and ecotourism development. The results show that variables such as water quality, land status, and waste management are the main priorities in current management, while tourism policy and product development will be the focus in the future. These findings provide direction for policymakers to design management strategies that are more responsive to changing priorities and evolving dynamics. In conclusion, managing Lake Seran as a sustainable ecotourism destination requires special attention to interacting variables, with a focus on nature conservation and local community empowerment.
Immunostimulatory Potential of Dietary Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) Powder Combined with Probiotics in Nile Tilapia Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila
Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) caused by Aeromonas hydrophila, is a major bacterial disease in Nile tilapia aquaculture and result in substantial production losses. The excessive use of antibiotics for disease control has raised concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance and environmental contamination, thereby necessitating safer and more sustainable alternatives. This study evaluated the immunostimulatory effect of dietary supplementation with citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) powder combined with probiotics on Nile tilapia challenged with MAS. A completely randomized design was employed using four dietary treatments: a basal diet without supplementation and three experimental diets supplemented with 15 mL of probiotics and citronella powder at doses of 7.5, 10, or 12.5 g per kg of diet (PC-7.5, PC-10, or PC-12.5). Fish were fed the experimental diets for 14 days prior to challenge with A. hydrophila (107 CFU/mL), followed by a post-challenge recovery period. Recovery rate, survival rate, and hematological parameters were assessed. The result indicated that dietary supplementation, particularly PC-7.5, tended to improve recovery and survival rates, although these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In contrast, hematological parameters were significantly influenced by the dietary treatments (P < 0.05), with PC-7.5 diet producing higher hematocrit, hemoglobin, and leukocyte values, as well as faster hematological recovery following infection. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with 7.5 g of citronella powder per kg of diet combined with 15 mL probiotics effectively enhances immune response and support disease resistance in Nile tilapia, representing a promising and environmentally friendly strategy for MAS control in aquaculture.
Application of Different Feeding Rate to the Growth and Survival Rate of Garra rufa
Garra rufa fish from the Cyprinidae family are known as "doctor fish" in the context of health tourism due to their use as an alternative medicine to help cure various skin diseases. Garra rufa are benthic fish or freshwater bottom dwellers that naturally live in rocky rivers and feed on microscopic organisms. Garra rufa culture in Indonesia is still limited due to the lack of technical information regarding cultivation aspects such as water quality management, feeding, and maintenance techniques. The purpose of this activity is to determine the Garra rufa culture techniques with different feeding rate on their growth and survival rate. The method applied in this research was a descriptive experimental method using two different percentages of feeding rate, namely 3% and 5% of the fish's body weight, kept in an aquarium for 21 days. The parameters observed were growth and survival rate. The results obtained were Garra rufa maintained with a 5% feeding rate had higher growth but were not more efficient when viewed from their higher FCR values. The survival of both feeding rate treatments was at high figures, namely 87% and 95%.
Optimizing Binder Type and Concentration to Enhance Stability and Acceptability of Pasta Feed for Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus)
Feed stability is a crucial factor in aquaculture, as it affects both the physical integrity of the feed and its acceptance by aquatic species. For Monopterus albus (swamp eel), maintaining feed stability while ensuring palatability is vital for optimal growth and health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different binder types and concentrations on the stability and acceptability of pasta feed for Monopterus albus (swamp eel). Seven binders—gelatin, gluten, CMC, chitosan, alginate, guargum, and carrageenan—were tested at 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% concentrations using a completely randomized design. Feed disintegration and breakdown times, along with feeding behavior, were analyzed using non-parametric tests. Gelatin, CMC, and chitosan significantly improved feed stability (p < 0.05), maintaining cohesion for over 40 minutes. Gelatin at 10% concentration yielded optimal results, balancing water resistance and palatability. Behavioral observations showed that gelatin-based feeds were most preferred, with increased feeding frequency and consumption. When combined with natural attractants such as worms and snails, gelatin feeds enhanced intake rates. These outcomes indicate that protein-based binders, particularly gelatin, offer superior mechanical and nutritional advantages compared to polysaccharide alternatives. Gelatin’s dual role as a binder and nutritional enhancer provides a promising strategy for sustainable aquaculture feed development.
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Effectiveness of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) Leaf Extract on Growth and Meat Quality of Farmed Fish: A Review
Aquaculture continues to expand globally, requiring natural and sustainable feed additives to enhance fish growth and meat quality. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) leaf extract contains diverse bioactive compounds, including cinnamaldehyde, flavonoids, polyphenols, and terpenoids, which possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, and growth-promoting properties. This review aims to summarize scientific evidence on the effectiveness of cinnamon leaf extract in improving growth performance and meat quality of farmed fish. A systematic literature review was conducted by analyzing 41 scientific publications obtained from Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Elsevier. The reviewed studies consistently showed that supplementation of cinnamon leaf extract or powder at doses ranging from 0.25–1% in fish feed enhances growth parameters such as Specific Growth Rate, feed efficiency, protein retention, and biomass in species including barramundi, Nile tilapia, common carp, and striped catfish. In addition, the extract significantly improves meat quality by reducing body and meat fat content, enhancing texture, increasing protein levels, and improving sensory attributes such as taste and fillet color. These improvements are attributed to the metabolic, antioxidant, and lipid-modulating mechanisms of the phytochemicals present in cinnamon leaves. Overall, cinnamon leaf extract demonstrates strong potential as a natural, environmentally friendly feed additive that supports both productivity and product quality in modern aquaculture systems.
Utilization of Eucheuma cottonii Meal as a Functional Feed Additive for Improving Pigmentation, Health, and Growth in Ornamental Goldfish (Carrasius auratus)
Color enhancement in ornamental fish is an essential quality parameter that directly influences market value and consumer preference. Natural pigments derived from marine resources, such as seaweed, offer a sustainable alternative to synthetic color enhancers. This study aimed to determine the effect of seaweed meal (Eucheuma cottonii) on the color brightness of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Goldfish used had an initial weight of 10.12 ± 0.06 g and an initial length of 5.08 ± 0.02 cm. Fish were fed using the ad libitum method three times daily with four feed treatments: P1 (Control), P2 (4 g seaweed meal), P3 (8 g seaweed meal), and P4 (12 g seaweed meal). The study was conducted for 45 days to evaluate growth performance and color characteristics. A completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications was applied. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). Results showed that the addition of seaweed meal significantly influenced the red hue variable in goldfish. Brightness showed no significant difference among treatments, with the highest value in P4 (55.88%) and the lowest in P3 (52.68%). The red hue differed significantly, with the highest value in P3 (16.96%) and the lowest in P1 (9.13%). The yellow hue showed no significant difference, with values ranging from 36.68% (P1) to 38.43% (P2). Overall, supplementation with 8 g of seaweed meal effectively enhanced the visual red hue of goldfish.