The Journal of Fish Health (JFH) has an objective to publish and provide high-quality scientific contributions to the field of fish health. These contributions are sourced from innovative research that encourages science and technology development in the field of fish health on a national and international scale. This journal serves as a communication medium for researchers, academics, students, and communities. This journal is published four times a year in February, May, August, and November since 2024.
Aquaculture Department, University of Mataram
1. The copyright of this journal belongs to the Editorial Board, based on the author's consent, while the moral rights of the publication belong to the author(s). 2. The formal legal aspect of journal accessibility refers to the same Creative Common Attribution + Noncommercial + ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA), implying that publication can be used for non-commercial purposes in its original form. 3. Every publication (printed/electronic) is open access for educational, research and library purposes. In addition to the objectives stated above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright infringement
Evaluation of Alginate Use as an Immunostimulant in Litopenaeus vannamei Shrimp Aquaculture (Review)
The Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the most important species in global aquaculture but remains highly vulnerable to bacterial, viral, and environmental stressors. Conventional reliance on antibiotics and chemicals has raised concerns over resistance and sustainability, underscoring the need for eco-friendly alternatives. Alginate, a natural polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweeds such as Sargassum, has emerged as a promising immunostimulant and functional feed additive. Experimental studies show that alginate supplementation enhances non-specific immune responses, including total haemocyte count, phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase, phagocytic activity, and total plasma protein. At the molecular level, alginate upregulates immune-related genes (e.g., Toll, LGBP, proPO), resulting in higher resistance against Vibrio spp. and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). In addition, low molecular weight sodium alginate improves antioxidant activity and stress tolerance under cadmium exposure, while dietary supplementation supports growth performance and feed utilization. From a sustainability perspective, converting Sargassum biomass into alginate aligns with circular economy principles by transforming an abundant, underutilized seaweed into high-value aquafeed additives. This reduces dependency on antibiotics and synthetic chemicals while generating added value for coastal communities. Overall, alginate represents a multifunctional and cost-effective strategy to strengthen shrimp immunity, enhance resilience to pathogens and stressors, and promote environmentally responsible aquaculture production.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Fish Health
Hematological Parameters and Growth Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fed Fermented Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Leaf Extract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most important aquaculture species worldwide, but intensive farming has increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, particularly Aeromonas hydrophila, which threatens productivity and survival. This study evaluated fermented papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaf extract (FPLE) as a natural immunostimulant and sustainable alternative to antibiotics in Nile tilapia culture. A 45-day feeding trial was conducted using a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 16, 18, and 20 mL FPLE/kg feed) and three replicates. Hematological, immunological, growth, and bacterial resistance parameters were analyzed. Results showed that supplementation with 20 mL/kg FPLE significantly increased post-infection leukocyte counts (2.82×10⁴ vs. 2.40×10⁴ cells/mm³), phagocytic activity (46.26% vs. 39.51%), and erythrocyte levels (5.85×10⁶ vs. 5.25×10⁶ cells/mm³). Differential leukocyte analysis revealed lymphocyte dominance (90.33%) and elevated monocytes (13.33%), indicating enhanced adaptive and nonspecific immunity. In addition, total bacterial load decreased by 22.4%, and specific growth rate improved (4.34% vs. 4.22%/day), while water quality remained within optimal ranges. The synergistic effects of papaya-derived bioactive compounds and Lactobacillus casei probiotics from Yakult likely contributed to immune enhancement and nutrient absorption. FPLE supplementation at 20 mL/kg optimized immunostimulation without compromising survival (77–84%), demonstrating its dual role in disease prevention and growth promotion. These findings highlight FPLE as a safe, eco-friendly feed additive with strong potential for reducing antibiotic dependence and supporting sustainable tilapia aquaculture.
Climate-Resilient Biofloc Aquaculture: Energy Efficiency, System Robustness, and Operational Adaptations under Changing Environmental Conditions (2020–2025)
Climate change poses a significant threat to the sustainability of global aquaculture, including biofloc-based aquaculture systems (BFT). While BFT improves nutrient use efficiency and reduces water consumption, energy efficiency remains a key challenge, especially in terms of energy intensity and oxygen transfer (OTE/SOTE). This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) using the PRISMA 2020 method, focusing on energy efficiency in tilapia cultivation with BFT and adaptation strategies to climate variability. Key findings emphasize the importance of aeration, design optimization, and C/N management in minimizing energy consumption without compromising production. Additionally, integrating technologies like IoT/AI for adaptive DO control shows great potential in reducing energy intensity. This research contributes a systematic framework that links energy metrics with aeration design and operational adaptation strategies, offering guidance for developing more efficient and climate-resilient BFT systems. The study also recommends implementing renewable energy and smart water quality monitoring technologies to enhance aquaculture sustainability.
The Effect of Silkworm (Tubifex sp.) Growth on Rice Field Mud, Chicken Manure, and Tofu Pulp Media with Different Compositions
The rapidly increasing demand for silkworms as natural feed has caused prices to rise, making silkworms a potentially valuable natural feed for farmed fish. To date, the supply of silkworms as natural feed still relies on nature, meaning that silkworms are not available throughout the year, but only during the rainy season. One way to support the availability of silkworms is through cultivation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of chicken manure, rice field mud, and tofu pulp on the growth of silkworms. The method used was a quantitative experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments: P1 (100% mud), P2 (50% mud + 50% chicken manure), P3 (50% mud + 50% tofu pulp), and P4 (50% mud + 25% chicken manure + 25% tofu pulp). The results of the study showed that treatment P4 provided the highest absolute biomass growth with an average of 3.03 g. This indicates that the combination of chicken manure and tofu pulp provides an optimal synergistic effect for worm growth. From these results, it can be concluded that the combination of rice field mud, chicken manure, and tofu pulp (P4) is the most effective medium for silkworm growth.
Analysis of Bottom Gillnet Catches in Lambur Luar Village, Muara Sabak Timur District, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency
The waters of Lambur Luar Village are a productive coastal area that supports capture fisheries activities, one of which is through the use of bottom gillnets. This fishing gear is considered fairly selective and environmentally friendly, making it important to assess its effectiveness in terms of catch composition. This study aims to analyze the main catch, bycatch, and discard from bottom gillnets operated by local fishers. The method used was a survey with purposive sampling on ten fishing units, with four replications per unit. The data were analyzed descriptively and supported by biodiversity indices, including diversity, evenness, and dominance. The results showed that mantis shrimp (Harpiosquilla raphidea) was the dominant main catch, with the highest number and biomass. Bycatch was dominated by demersal fish such as croaker (Johnius trachycephalus), tongue sole (Cynoglossus lingua), Chacunda gizzard shad (Anodontostoma chacunda), fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum), along with several other species. Meanwhile, discards consist of non-economic benthic organisms such as snails, starfish (Asteroidea spp.), horseshoe crabs (Tachypleus gigas), and ghost crabs (Ocypoda quadrata). The diversity index indicated a moderate category, reflecting ecosystem balance, while the dominance index was low, suggesting no single species excessively dominated the ecosystem. In conclusion, bottom gillnets with a mesh size of 3.5 inches proved effective in capturing target organisms suitable for consumption while reducing the proportion of unwanted discards. This indicates that bottom gillnets have the potential to support sustainable fisheries practices without causing significant negative impacts on the benthic ecosystem in the waters of Lambur Luar Village.
Cover, Editorial Boards, Table of Contents
Bioremediation in Aquatic Systems: A Literature Review on Fish as Natural Agents for Water Quality Management in Aquaculture
Aquatic animals play a significant role in bioremediation processes in aquatic environments through their natural activities, such as filtering particles, aerating water, and nutrient cycling. This study aims to review the use of aquatic animals as natural biofilters in aquaculture systems, highlighting their efficiency and the supporting role of microbial technology. The method used is a literature review from 24 relevant articles published between 2015 and 2024. Results show that species such as goldfish, catfish, and eels can reduce organic waste, regulate plankton composition, and enhance oxygen levels. Moreover, the integration of probiotics and biotechnologies such as microbial fuel cells, bioaugmentation, and biostimulation improves pollutant degradation and water quality. The implications of these findings suggest that aquatic animal-based bioremediation is a promising and environmentally friendly approach to sustainable aquaculture, reducing reliance on antibiotics and chemical disinfectants while supporting ecological balance and animal health.
Growth of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Cultured Using the Biofloc System at Different Stocking Densities
The cultivation of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using a biofloc system is an aquaculture technology that integrates waste management and the production of natural feed in situ, thereby enhancing productivity efficiently. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of EM4 probiotic application in a biofloc system on the growth and survival rate of catfish under different stocking densities. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four stocking density treatments: P1 (30 fish/30 L), P2 (40 fish/30 L), P3 (50 fish/30 L), and P4 (60 fish/30 L), each with three replications. Observed parameters included absolute weight and length growth, floc content, hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, differential leukocytes and water quality parameters. The treatment P4 showed the most notable effects, with a final absolute weight gain of 11.66 grams and an absolute length increase of 8.11 cm. Furthermore, the probiotic addition had a significant impact on erythrocyte levels and differential leukocyte counts. In contrast, the use of probiotics in the biofloc system did not result in significant differences in hematocrit levels, total leukocyte counts, or biofloc volume.
Survival Rate of Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) Larvae Maintenance at Balai Besar Riset Budidaya Laut dan Penyuluhan Perikanan (BBRBLPP) Gondol
Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) is a high economic commodity that has euryhaline properties. The maintenance of barramundi larvae is quite crucial in its cultivation efforts. This study aims to determine the survival rate of barramundi during maintenance at the Balai Besar Riset Budidaya Laut dan Penyuluhan Perikanan (BBRBLPP) Gondol, Bali. The activity lasted for 35 days, observing the parameters of larvae development, type and variety of feed, and water quality. The feed used consisted of natural feed such as Rotifera sp., Nanochloropsis sp., and Artemia sp., as well as artificial feed in the form of PSP and KAIO 3. Feeding was carried out gradually according to the age of larvae with adjusted frequencies and doses. The results showed that larvae showed progressive morphological and behavioral development from day 0 to day 27. The survival rate achieved was 79% of the total 40,000 larvae released, far exceeding the SNI standard (20%). Water quality during maintenance was within the optimal range. Additional efforts such as adding probiotic, daily siphoning, and water changes contributed to successful rearing. These results demonstrate that the combination of good feed and optimal water quality management significantly influences the success of barramundi larval cultivation. This study provides an important foundation for the development of efficient and sustainable large-scale barramundi cultivation.
Development Strategy to Increase Sales of Frozen Fish Products Produced by CV. Novira Abadi
Indonesia is known as a maritime country with a sea area of 3.25 million km², accounting for about 63% of its total territory. The sustainable potential of Indonesia’s marine fish production is estimated at 6.51 million tons per year, or around 8.2% of the world’s total potential. Banda Aceh is one of the coastal cities with enormous fisheries potential. Its waters are rich in fish resources, offering significant opportunities for the development of the fisheries industry. However, this potential has not been fully optimized. One major problem faced by the fisheries industry in Banda Aceh is the lack of effective marketing strategies, particularly in the frozen fish industry. CV. Novira Abadi, as one of the companies operating in this sector, often experiences unstable sales, resulting in uncontrolled stock accumulation. This condition is aggravated by the absence of an integrated marketing approach. This research aims to analyze the development strategy to improve frozen fish sales at CV. Novira Abadi through a SWOT analysis. A qualitative method was applied using observation and interviews. The SWOT analysis results show that opportunities scored the highest (1.92), followed by strengths (1.87), weaknesses (0.99), and threats (0.83). The company’s position in the SWOT matrix falls into quadrant I, indicating a favorable condition for implementing an aggressive growth strategy. The recommended strategies include developing new products, expanding distribution channels, and leveraging social media for promotion. Additionally, continuous market research and competitor analysis are necessary to strengthen competitiveness and ensure business sustainability for CV. Novira Abadi industry.
Analysis of Perception and Compliance of Sibolga Purse Seine Fishermen Based on Licensed Fishing Ground
The purse seine fishery in Sibolga plays a vital role in fish production but faces challenges regarding compliance with licensed fishing ground regulations. Non-compliance, driven by economic pressure and declining fish stocks, threatens resource sustainability and fishermen’s welfare. This study aimed to analyze fishermen’s perceptions and compliance levels regarding the use of licensed fishing areas and their relationship to regulatory enforcement. The research was conducted from January-March 2024 at Sibolga Archipelago Fishing Port, North Sumatra, one of the main landing bases for purse seine vessels. Data were collected from 115 respondents, consisting of vessel captains and mates, using structured questionnaires and direct interviews. Observations and secondary data from fisheries institutions supported the primary data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test to determine differences in perceptions and compliance among fishing groups categorized by vessel tonnage and fishing zones. The results showed that fishermen’s perceptions of potential fishing grounds and fish resource availability were relatively uniform across groups, indicating a shared view that fishing effort continues to expand to secure catches. In contrast, perceptions of VMS usage differed significantly, with the 30–100 GT small pelagic purse seine group acknowledging its role in detecting violations. Compliance levels also varied, with the 30–100 GT small pelagic purse seine operating in <12-mile zones showing the lowest compliance. It is concluded that stricter enforcement, effective monitoring, and targeted empowerment programs are necessary to enhance compliance and ensure sustainable fisheries management in Sibolga.
Effectiveness Test of Aquaculture Systems: Green Water, Biofloc, and Aquaponic Systems on the Stress Response of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata)
Water quality is a key factor in the cultivation of snakehead fish (Channa striata) because it can influence the level of physiological stress that impacts the health and growth of the fish. Three cultivation systems commonly used to manage water quality sustainably are the green water system, biofloc, and aquaponics. All three have different approaches to recycling waste and maintaining the balance of the cultivation environment. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the three systems in maintaining water quality and reducing physiological stress in snakehead fish. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments and three replications. The parameters observed included levels of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved oxygen (DO), and blood glucose levels as an indicator of stress. The results showed that the biofloc system produced the lowest blood glucose level (54 mg/dL), as well as the lowest nitrite and nitrate concentrations compared to the other treatments. Meanwhile, the biofloc system green water produces ammonia and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, but biofloc is the most stable in maintaining water quality and the health of snakehead fish.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Fish Health
Growth and Hematological Response of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Dietary Supplementation with Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Extract
This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with Eichhornia crassipes leaf extract on the growth performance and hematological parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, with moderate antioxidant activity (50.89% DPPH inhibition). Experimental treatments showed that fish receiving moderate levels of the extract had significantly higher erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, indicating improved oxygen transport and immune function. Additionally, the group with the highest absolute weight gain suggests better nutrient absorption. All treatments maintained a 100% survival rate and stable water quality, confirming the extract’s safety and environmental compatibility. These results support the use of E. crassipes as a sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic growth promoters in aquaculture. Further research is recommended to investigate its long-term effects and mechanisms of action.
Immunostimulation of Nile Tilapia Through the Provision of Synbiotic Feed (Eleutherine bulbosa and Probiotic) to Prevent Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) Disease
Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) is one of the bacterial diseases that attacks and causes mass death of nile tilapia. Disease control in fish farming using synthetic antibiotics has caused problems in aquaculture, such as bacterial resistance to antibiotics, drug residues in fish, and water pollution. Therefore, alternative measures to control MAS that are safe and environmentally friendly, such as the application of immonostimulant that use organic ingredients, are needed. This research aims to determine potency of immunostimulation of nile tilapia trough feeding of synbiotic feed namely prebiotic Eleutherine bulbosa powder (Ebp) and probiotic containing Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as for prevention MAS disease. The fish were reared for 21 days, in reared for the first 14 days, the fish were given synbiotic feed then for the next 7 days they were given feed without synbiotics. The fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila on day 15th. Experimental design used was completely randomized design with four treatments: 0 g Ebp and 0 ml probiotics in 1 kg of feed (synbiotic free feed), 7.5 g, 10 g, and 12.5 g Ebp each with 15 ml probiotics in 1 kg of feed. The results showed that feeding the fish with synbiotic feed, especially the treatment Ebp12.5, give significantly different results on parameters prevalence, fish recovery, survival rate of the fish test. This research concluded that treatment of Ebp 12.5 was the best dosage of immunostimulant to prevent MAS disease in nile tilapia.
The Effect of Egg White Powder Concentration on The Quality of Meatballs Based on Surimi from Tilapia, Catfish and Pangasius
Surimi is a processed freshwater fish product which is the main raw material for various food products, one of which is fish meatballs. The use of freshwater fish has disadvantages in terms of sensory characteristics, so it is necessary to add other ingredients. One of the additional ingredients that has great potential to affect the characteristics of fish meatball surimi is EWP. This study aims to determine the effect of EWP concentration in surimi from different types of freshwater fish on the characteristics of sensory properties, pH, and yield. The variations in EWP concentration used were 0%; 3% and 6%. Sensory testing included appearance, texture, taste, and aroma. The results showed that appearance, texture, taste and aroma had a significant effect with the best treatment of 0% EWP on catfish and pangasius meatball surimi and 3% EWP on tilapia meatball surimi. The effect of variations in EWP concentration on the pH value of fish meatball surimi did not have a significant effect. The best yield was obtained with the treatment of 6% EWP on each catfish, pangasius and tilapia surimi. The selected catfish and pangasius fish surimi meatballs were 0% EWP concentration while tilapia fish surimi meatballs were 3% EWP concentration because they provided the best meatball quality. The addition of EWP affected the appearance, taste, texture and aroma with the best treatment at a concentration of 3% EWP tilapia fish surimi meatballs and had no significant effect on the pH value, and the best yield at 6% EWP.
The Effect of Different Salinity on Moulting of Mud Crab (Scylla serrata) in Controlled Media
Mud crab (Scylla serrata) is a fishery commodity that has high economic value and has a wide salinity tolerance so that its growth can be developed. The growth of mud crabs can be influenced by genetic traits such as moulting. In cultivation activities there are methods that can accelerate the moulting process such as environmental engineering (increasing and decreasing the salinity of the maintenance media) and mutilation. This study aims to determine the growth and fastest moulting time of crabs in media with different salinities in controlled media. The method used is an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications, namely: (Control), (P1: 5 ppt), (P2: 10 ppt), (P3: 15 ppt) and (P4: 20 ppt) which are given to mud crabs for 45 days. The results showed that at 5 ppt salinity obtained the fastest moulting time which was 24.3 days and the longest was at 20 ppt salinity for 39 days, while the highest growth was obtained in the 15 ppt salinity treatment with an average absolute weight of 27.3 grams and the lowest was in the control treatment with an average absolute weight of 18.3 grams.
Differences in Eel (Monopeterus albus) Catch Results Using Fishing Gear Traps with Different Baits in Lopak Alai Village, Kumpeh Ulu District
Eel (Monopterus albus) is one of the freshwater fishery products that has high economic value which is widely caught in Lopak Alai Village, Kumpe Ulu District using bubu fishing gear. This study aims to determine the differences in eel catches using bubu fishing gear with different baits in Lopak Alai Village, Kumpe Ulu District. This research was conducted in Lopak Alai Village, Kumpeh Ulu District on January 12th - February 07th, 2025. The research method used was the experimental method. The total of bubu used in this study was 60 bubu with each placement of 5 meters, the size of the bubu used was 100 cm which consisted of 2 treatments, namely using earthworm bait and golden snail bait weighing 10 grams, each bait was placed into 30 bubu with 20 repetitions. The results of the study showed that the total of eel catches (Monopterus albus) with earthworm bait was 123 with an average weight of 611 g and an average length of 45 cm, while with golden snail bait it was 204 with an average weight of 1,393 g and an average length of 49 cm. The results of the t-test analysis showed that there were differences in the catches of eels with earthworm and golden snail bait.
Optimization of Hatchery Techniques to Enhance Larval Survival and Business Feasibility of Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
Optimizing hatchery techniques for guppy (Poecilia reticulata) production is essential for improving reproductive efficiency and economic viability in small-scale ornamental aquaculture. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a simplified spawning system using sterilized aquaria (40×60×40 cm) with aeration and aquatic vegetation to create a semi-natural environment. Broodstock selection based on gonadal maturity and a male-to-female ratio of 2:4 resulted in high spawning success, with courtship behavior observed by day three. A staged feeding strategy—infusoria and egg yolk (days 1–3), Artemia nauplii (days 4–10), and Tubifex (days 11–21)—supported consistent larval growth from 0.5 cm to 1.6 cm over three weeks. Larval survival reached 91.1%, with 162 of 168 fry surviving by day 21. Stable water quality parameters (24–26°C, 7.6–7.9 mg/L dissolved oxygen, pH 6.7–7.1) were maintained through regular siphoning and water renewal. Economic analysis indicated system feasibility, with a production cost of IDR 1,369,250, revenue of IDR 1,620,000, and net profit of IDR 250,750. The benefit-cost ratio (R/C) was 1.18, the break-even point was achieved at 136.93 fry, and the payback period was 17.7 months. These findings highlight the biological and financial viability of low-cost guppy hatchery systems suitable for rural aquaculture settings. Future research should focus on scaling potential, feed alternatives, and digital monitoring to improve system sustainability and profitability.
Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) are one of the major aquaculture commodities that contribute greatly to the Japanese fishing industry. This study aims to describe the oyster farming management system based on field research experience in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. The method used was participatory observation for eight months, covering all stages of aquaculture from seed collection to post-harvest. Observations showed that oyster farming is carried out using the hanging raft method (ikada-suika-shiki), relying on natural food in the form of plankton with depth management and regular hanger rotation. A seed training process (yokusei) was also applied to increase the oyster's resistance to environmental stress. The growth rate of oysters in the rearing phase ranges from 0.25-0.35 grams per day, and harvesting is done during winter to produce high-quality meat. The implementation of efficient and systematic production management has proven to increase yield and product quality. These results suggest that oyster farming practices in Japan can serve as a reference in the development of sustainable oyster farming in Indonesia.
The Strategic Role of Biotechnology in Aquaculture: Integrating Upstream and Downstream Processes for Sustainable Fish Production
Aquaculture has become an essential contributor to global food security, yet its rapid expansion presents significant challenges, including disease outbreaks, environmental degradation, and feed inefficiency. Biotechnology offers transformative solutions across the entire aquaculture value chain ranging from upstream breeding and health management to downstream processing and product safety. This review examines the strategic role of biotechnological innovations in enhancing sustainability, productivity, and resilience in aquaculture systems. Key upstream applications include selective breeding, marker-assisted selection (MAS), recombinant DNA vaccines, and probiotic-supplemented feeds, all of which have demonstrated substantial improvements in growth rates, feed conversion, and disease resistance. In midstream operations, molecular diagnostics (e.g., qPCR, LAMP) and enzyme-assisted processing technologies ensure product quality and safety. Downstream, innovations such as biosensor-based cold chain monitoring, value-added probiotic fish products, and DNA-based traceability cater to evolving consumer demands and regulatory standards. The integration of emerging tools—such as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, RNA interference, metagenomics, and nanotechnology—further strengthens the aquaculture sector's capacity to adapt to climate stress and global market needs. Overall, this review highlights biotechnology as a pivotal enabler of sustainable intensification in aquaculture and underscores the need for policy support, technological accessibility, and interdisciplinary collaboration to realize its full potential.
Biochemical Profile of Macroalgae: Analysis of Primary Metabolites and Hydrocolloid Content in Oenaek Waters During the Dry Season
Macroalgae are important components in coastal ecosystems, acting as primary producers, oxygen producers through photosynthesis, supporting biodiversity, and providing habitat for marine organisms. In addition to their ecological functions, macroalgae have great economic potential due to their bioactive compound content, including hydrocolloids and nutrient metabolites, which are utilized in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Biochemical content such as protein, carbohydrates, and hydrocolloids in macroalgae varies greatly depending on species and environmental conditions, so site-specific research is needed. This study analyzed primary metabolites and hydrocolloid content of ten macroalgae species collected from the waters of Oenaek Village during the dry season. The parameters tested included water, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, and agar (in red algae) and alginate (in brown algae) content. The results showed that the water content ranged from 1.51% to 29.16%, ash ranged from 0.05%–0.58%, fat ranged from 5.4%–28%, protein ranged from 1.82%–8.54%, and carbohydrates ranged from 50.3%–87.92%. The highest agar content was found in Gracilaria gracilis (19.6%) and the highest alginate in Sargassum polycystum (33.96%). Green algae do not contain hydrocolloids but have the highest carbohydrate content. The biochemical profile indicates that macroalgae from Oenaek have great potential for industrial applications, especially as a source of hydrocolloids and nutritional compounds.
Construction Suitability of Trammel Net Operated by Kotabaru Fisherman Based on SNI 01-7237-2006
Trammel net is a type of gill net. Usually, fishermen operate trammel nets to catch shrimp. Many fishermen build trammel nets traditionally without going through a standard design and construction process. They bought webbing on the market to assemble them into three layers of net and equipped with rope components and buoys, sinker, and selvedge. Meanwhile, to realize the effectiveness of fishing and managing fisheries activities, the government regulates the standard form of trammel net through SNI 01-7237-2006. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the suitability of the standard form of trammel net based on SNI rules. This research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive method. The research locations are in three villages which are fishing bases for trammel net fishermen in Kotabaru Waters, namely: Pantai Village; Salino Village; and Sungai Pasir Village. The results from the three trammel net sample sizes: small; medium and large have scores of 89%; 95%; and 95% which are in the very suitable category.
Fish Diversity in Lubuk Larangan Indigenous Conservation Area in Nagari Pelangai Kaciak, South Pesisir Regency
Lubuk Larangan is a form of customary conservation area as a form of fish conservation and breeding ground for fish. Diversity in the Lubuk Larangan area can be used as a form of river ecosystem conservation and help identify endangered species and the sustainability of the conservation area. This study aims to determine the level of diversity, uniformity, abundance and dominance of fish in the traditional conservation area of Lubuk Larangan in Nagari Pelangai Kaciak, South Pesisir Regency. This research was conducted in October 2024 using the survey method. The results showed that the fish obtained were 7 species with the highest composition of crisp fish (Tor tambroides) 47%. Diversity index (H') with a value of 1.37 medium category. The uniformity index (E) with a value of 0.7 is included in the high category. The dominance index (C) with a value of 0.32 is included in the low category. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the indigenous conservation area of Lubuk Larangan in Nagari Pelangai Kaciak has fish diversity in the medium category, which means that the waters are in a stable and supportive condition to be used as a conservation area.
Visit Decision as a Mediator between Tourist Attraction and Facilities on Satisfaction: Boom Marina Beach Tourism
Tourism significantly contributes to regional economic growth, especially through the development of natural attractions and supporting facilities. Banyuwangi Regency has strong potential in coastal tourism, with Boom Marina Beach emerging as a leading destination undergoing rapid development. However, the COVID-19 pandemic caused fluctuations in tourist visits and heightened competition among destinations. This study explores how tourist attractions and facilities at Boom Marina Beach affect visitor satisfaction, with visiting decisions acting as a mediating factor. A quantitative method using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with WarpPLS was applied. Data were collected from 130 visitors through purposive sampling. The results reveal that tourist attractions and facilities significantly affect visiting decisions and tourist satisfaction. Moreover, visiting decisions mediate the relationship between attractions, facilities, and satisfaction. The study is grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which explains how perceptions of attractions and facilities influence tourist intentions and behaviors. The findings contribute to the theoretical development of tourist behavior models and offer practical implications for destination management. It is recommended that managers improve the quality of attractions and facilities, supported by effective marketing and infrastructure development from the local government. Future research is encouraged to explore additional variables such as destination image and tourist experience to provide deeper insights.
Impact of Probiotic Swamp Bacteria on the Prevention of Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Striped Snakehead (Channa striata)
Probiotics are microbes that can modify the bacterial structure in fish digestive systems. Probiotics are used as feed additives and can improve the host's health. As a result, it can help to prevent Aeromonas infection. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of bacteria from the swamp (Bacillus sp. and Streptomyces sp.) on feed in preventing Aeromonas hydrophila infection in striped snakeheads. The study used P0 (control), P1 (Bacillus sp.), P2 (Streptomyces sp.), P3 (Bacillus sp. and Streptomyces sp. combination), each bacterium 10 ml kg-1 feed. Total of bacteria, prevalence, fish growth, survival rate, and water quality are among the variables assessed. The fish survival, fish growth, and feed efficiency in Channa treated with a combination of Bacillus and Streptomyces (P3) were significantly highest among other, resulting of best prevalence 2.38%.
Fisheries Management and Habitat Conservation at Kutaraja Ocean Fishing Port
The Kutaraja Ocean Fishing Port (PPS Kutaraja) is one of the largest fish landing sites in Banda Aceh, playing a significant role in shark fisheries, particularly for thresher sharks (Alopias pelagicus). This study aims to describe the thresher shark fishery at PPS Kutaraja, assess the status of its utilization, and provide recommendations for sustainable management. The research was conducted through direct observations, interviews with fishermen and fishery business operators, and secondary data analysis. The results indicate that thresher sharks are primarily caught as bycatch using purse seines and longlines. The shark trade at PPS Kutaraja involves multiple stakeholders, from fishermen and intermediaries (toke bangku) to domestic and international markets. Habitat and ecosystem assessments reveal that seagrass and coral reef ecosystems along the Aceh coast are in moderate condition, while mangrove ecosystems remain relatively well-preserved. The composite evaluation of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) for habitat and ecosystem aspects scored 66.67, categorized as "good." However, the lack of data on key shark habitats, such as spawning, nursery, and feeding grounds, highlights the need for further research. To ensure sustainability, ecosystem-based management strategies, including establishing conservation areas and stricter monitoring of shark fishing practices, are recommended. Implementing effective policies will support the long-term sustainability of thresher shark fisheries at PPS Kutaraja.
The Role of Cytochrome P450 in Fish Health and Metabolism: A Vital Enzyme System
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are vital enzymes in the metabolic processes of fish, playing a crucial role in the detoxification of xenobiotics and the regulation of endogenous compounds. The biotransformation of pollutants, including pesticides, medicines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which build up in aquatic environments, is facilitated by these enzymes, especially those in the CYP1A, CYP2, and CYP3A families. Immunity of fish and their health, can be negatively impacted by metabolic byproducts, which can occasionally be more toxic than the original compounds even though CYP450 activity helps with detoxification. Exposure to pollutants and other environmental stressors can alter the expression and activity of CYP enzymes, which can cause physiological disruptions in fish species. This review explores the key roles of CYP450 enzymes in fish metabolism and health, emphasizing their importance as biomarkers for environmental toxicity and their potential impact on aquatic ecosystems. Assessing the effects of environmental contaminants and creating plans for environmental preservation and fish health management require an understanding of CYP450 mediated metabolic pathways in fish.
Effect of Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) Flour Addition on the Level of Preference of Choux Pastry
Choux pastry is a baked product that generally has low fiber content due to its primary ingredient, wheat flour, which contains minimal dietary fiber. Incorporating alternative ingredients rich in fiber can enhance its nutritional value. One such ingredient is Eucheuma cottonii seaweed flour, which is high in dietary fiber and offers potential for innovation in the utilization of fishery-based products. Dietary fiber plays an important role in binding water, improving digestion, and reducing the risk of certain diseases such as cancer. This research aimed to determine the optimal level of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed flour addition to choux pastry based on consumer preference. The study was conducted in December 2024 at the Fishery Product Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, and at the Chemistry Application Laboratory and PPBS Service Building, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University. An experimental method was used with four treatments: 0% (control), 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5% seaweed flour. Organoleptic tests (appearance, aroma, taste, and texture) were performed by 25 semi-trained panelists, and proximate analysis was conducted. The results showed that the choux pastry with 10% seaweed flour was the most preferred, with organoleptic scores of 7.8 for appearance, 7.6 for aroma, 7.5 for texture, and 7.7 for taste. Proximate analysis indicated that the 10% seaweed flour choux pastry contained 0.3% crude fiber, 2.9% moisture, 2.28% ash, 27.43% fat, 11.27% protein, and 56.09% carbohydrates.