J-AGENT (Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Technology)

Application of Aeroponics Techniques on The Growth of Spinach (Amaranthus sp)

Ade Sugito, Joko Sumarsono, Asih Priyati, Endang Purnama Dewi — Tue, 21 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Aeroponics is a method of farming that uses air to spray nutrient solutions on the roots of plants.
This study was to determine the performance, and productivity of the application of aeroponic
techniques. This study used an experimental method with three aeroponic installations, and types
of rockwool, cocopeat, and husk charcoal growth media, and nozzle sizes 0.1 mm, 0.4 mm, and
0.6 mm. Spraying time in the morning - afternoon is 30 minutes on, and 30 minutes off, while at
night, it is 15 minutes on, and 45 minutes off. Parameters observed were pump, and nozzle
discharge, nozzle outpouring uniformity value, electrical conductivity (EC), acidity (pH), solution
temperature, ambient temperature, plant water consumption, air humidity, light intensity, plant
growth, and plant productivity. The results of the observations were analyzed using statistical
analysis, and two-factor ANOVA testing. The results showed that the range of pump discharge
values was 3.58 ml/second – 3.676 ml/second, and nozzle discharge values of 0.1 mm, 0.4 mm,
and 0.6 mm were 0.303 ml/second, 0.975 ml/second, and 1.225 ml/second. The good uniformity
of nozzle outpouring is 0.1 mm (97.17%) nozzle. The value (EC) during the growth period was
1.0 mS/cm – 2.5 mS/cm, the result of measurement of acidity (pH) was 5.7 – 7.5. The temperature
of the nutrient solution is 26℃ - 37℃ while the ambient temperature reaches 27℃ - 39℃. The
highest plant water consumption is 11.32 liters, and the humidity reaches 40% - 86%. The highest
light intensity occurs outside the greenhouse. The results of the ANOVA test on the size of the
nozzle, and the growth media affect plant growth and productivity. 0.1 mm nozzle has optimal
spraying, and good growth media are husk charcoal, and rockwool.

Analysis of The Effect of Track Roughness on The Chassis Design of The Tomato Sorting Robot Based on The Arduino Mega Microcontroller

Yolen Mansyah, Joko Sumarsono, Diah Ajeng Setiawati, Oki Saputra — Tue, 21 Nov 2023 05:03:00 +0000

The wheel chassis is a component that is combined with the Arduino Mega microcontroller in the automatic tomato fruit sorting process. In its application in the field of wheel chassis that moves according to a determined route following a line (line Follower) along 2.2 m which in application will run on smooth and rough paths. The difference between the type of fine and coarse trajectory lies in the coefficient of friction on the fine line of 0.8 µk and the coefficient of 1 µk and will cause differences in the results of the sorting. The difference in roughness values must be analyzed to determine their effect on the sorting time, the number of wheel rotations, the angular speed, linear speed, wheel torque, and motor power when performing the sorting. This analysis process requires several additional components to help the wheel chassis work properly such as the Arduino Mega, robot arm kit, wheel chassis, motor driver, DC motor, power supply, color sensor servo motor and line sensors connected by cables and jumpers. These components are assembled in such a way that they can function properly and the addition of a programming language in the form of the C language with the help of the Arduino IDE software. The data collection method is the experimental method with a simulation experiment using a sample of 30 tomatoes which are green and red. The results of the collection of tomato fruit sorting data with the line follower robot show that the average sorting time is 12.41 s for the smooth and 11.04 s for the coarse path with the average number of wheel turns 11.90 times for smooth and 11, 61 turns for rough passes. In addition, the angular velocity of the wheels is obtained with a value of 6.02 rad/s for smooth passes and 6.61 rad/s for rough trajectories and the linear velocity of the wheel chassis is 0.25 rad/s for smooth trajectories and 0.28 for rough trajectories. For motor torque and power, the respective values are 0.034 Nm for the smooth track and 0.042 Nm for the rough track and the value is 12.255 watts on the smooth track and 16.764 watts on the rough track for motor power when sorting.

Application of The Sub-Surface Drip Irrigation System For Cellery (Apium Graveolens L.) Using Thread Hose on Sandy Clay Soil

Tue, 21 Nov 2023 05:20:38 +0000

The application of the sub-surface irrigation system aims to learn the performance of the application of the sub-surface irrigation system for the Celery (Apium graveolens L.) as well as to learn about the productivity of plants produced by the methods applied. The research method used the experimental method with experiments on dry soil with sandy clay textures. The drip irrigation device contains 12 drippers that have been covered with legacy cloth. The sub-surface irrigation system was applied to the field where the physical properties of the soil had been tested in the soil physical properties laboratory and for an emitter to each plant. The observable parameter is the crop water requirement, discharge/volume and decreasing of water level in the mariotte tube, emission uniformity (EU), wetting width, pressure head, plant growth (the height
of the plant, the width of the canopy, and the number of leaves), the physical properties of the soil, and the water productivity. Research shows that the performance of these subsurface irrigation tools is not good enough to apply to the ground (EU=41,2%). A celery plant responds to the growth adequately marked by the growing height, the canopy width, and the increasing number of leaves, yet the yield obtained from plant productivity was 0.33 kg/m3.

Performance Test of Push Type Corn Seed Planting Tools Based on Anthropometric And Work Physiology Data

Alip Taftazani, rahmat sabani, Asih Priyati — Tue, 21 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Corn seed planting tool driven type is a conventional planting tool that designed is simply, consisting of a control handle, wheels, adjusting the uniformity of seed output, spacing and hole depth at each wheel rotation. This implant can be operated efficiently for time and effort. The research stages include design, assembly and functional testing. Based on the test results of this corn seed planting tool, the design of the distance between the handlebars is 40 cm, the handle length is 13 cm and the handle height is 80 cm. This design produces an ergonomic design. The working capacity for a land area of 0.5 acres is 0.157 Ha / hour, energy consumption is 0.41-1.49 Kcal / minute. Based on the IRHR value, it can be categorized as light work. The work of this tool, for the removal of 2-3 seeds, is 97%, the depth of the planting hole is 96.8%, and the spacing of 21-25 cm is 35.7%.

Detection of Avocado Fruit Ripeness Level Using Classification Algorithm And Stratified K-Fold Cross Validation Method

Tri Riska Muliani, Murad, Joko Sumarsono, Ince Siti Wardatullatifah S — Tue, 21 Nov 2023 05:13:30 +0000

In the production of avocados, there are several problems, including classifying the fruit and whether the fruit is ripe, raw, or damaged. So the possible way that can be used is using an electronic nose (e-nose). The purpose of this study was to determine the level of ripeness of avocados, raw and ripe based on physical properties and chemical properties using classification algorithm and Stratified K-Fold Cross Validation methods. The method used in this research is experimental quantitative, testing the effect of one or more variables on other variables. The parameters tested in this study were gas content, weight loss, total dissolved solids, and water content. The results showed increased weight loss in avocados stored at room temperature from day 2 to day 5. The increase in fruit weight loss was mainly caused by the transpiration process or the release of water in the form of steam through the skin surface that occurred during the
storage period. An increase in weight loss in fruits is one sign that the fruit is starting to experience a decrease in its freshness quality. The water content of avocados from day 1 to day 5 fluctuated and tended to increase. Changes in water content are affected by room temperature and humidity during storage.

Application of Drip Irrigation for Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) on Raised Bed

Yulistiana Ummami, Joko Sumarsono, Sirajuddin Haji Abdullah, Wenny Amaliah — Tue, 21 Nov 2023 05:08:46 +0000

The raised bed is a land area made on the ground then limited by a container. Drip irrigation is
a method of providing water with a low flow rate. This study aims to design a drip irrigation
system for lettuce plants on a raised bed and determine the response of lettuce plants to the
applied drip irrigation method. The research method used is experimental with field
experiments on a raised bed with one raised bed plot. The parameters observed were crop water
requirements, soil physical properties, emission uniformity, water reduction in the reservoir,
pressure head, plant growth, and wet range. The results showed that the lettuce plant's water
requirement was the highest in the middle phase, which was 3.418 mm/day, and the lowest was
in the early stage, which was 1.318 mm/day. The plants needed much water in the middle
period, so the plant growth reached its maximum point during this period. The design
application of drip irrigation was successful at the study site with an EU value of 78.33%, which
is quite good. The total amount of water given to lettuce plants during the study was 80.83 liters.
The results showed that lettuce plants grown using a drip irrigation system on raised beds
responded well. Responded well can be seen in the average increase in plant height reaching
the highest value of 11.58 cm, the average number of leaves being the highest, 7.9 strands, and
the average width of the broadest canopy running 18.28 cm.

Land Evaluation And Suitability For Porang (Amorphophallus Muelleri) in Suela District, East Lombok Regency Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Ita Khairunnisah, Murad, Joko Sumarsono, Sella Antesty — Tue, 21 Nov 2023 04:23:12 +0000

Land evaluation is an approach or method to assess potential land use required and the
expected value of production that is likely to be obtained. Porang plant is one of the plants
belonging to the Araceae family and is a shrub (herb) plant with a single tuber inside. Porang
grows a lot in the forest because it only requires 50-60% sunlight so, it is very suitable for
plants in the shade. This study aims to determine the suitability of Porang land in Suela District,
East Lombok Regency, using Geographic Information Systems. This research method uses
descriptive analysis. Namely, the research data is displayed in the form of tables and maps. The
data includes agro-climatological data (rainfall and temperature), nutrient retention (pH H₂O),
Toxicity (salinity). The results of the evaluation of land suitability were categorized into four
classes, namely very suitable (S1), quite suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3) and not suitable
(N). The evaluation of the suitability of this study obtained a very suitable level of land
suitability in all aspects of the parameters. The overlay obtained in the Suela sub-district for the
suitability of the Porang plant land was in one class, which was very suitable (S1) for all areas
in the village of Suela sub-district, East Lombok regency.

Ergonomic and Anthropometric Analysis of Conventional Coffee Bean Grading Machines

Abdurrahim, Ansar, Murad — Tue, 21 Nov 2023 04:22:21 +0000

Indonesia is one of the largest coffee producers in the world. According to statistics from the
International Coffee Organization (ICO), Indonesia is the 3rd largest coffee producing country,
after Brazil and Vietnam. There are several types of coffee, among others, types of arabica coffee
(Coffea arabica) and robusta coffee (Coffea robusta). The objectives of this study are as follows:
Knowing the physical working environment conditions in the use of a coffee grading machine,
analyzing the compatibility of machine dimensions with operators, Knowing the load
classification work received by the operator. The method used in this research is a comparative
descriptive method, which is to compare the actual performance of the coffee grading machine
with the initial condition of the machine according to the engine modification specifications.
Meanwhile, the physiology and physical environment aspects of coffee assessment are based on
ergonomically determined standards. In this study, researchers will analyze the anthropometric
analysis of machines and operators (height of shoulders when standing and arm length). Work
physiology (classification of workload based on pulse energy consumption, oxygen consumption)

Performance Test of Elephant Grass Crushing Machine for Cattle Feed In Mertak Village, Pujut District, Lombok Tengah Regency

Hery Andrean, Murad, Amuddin, Isnaini Puspitasari — Tue, 21 Nov 2023 04:37:20 +0000

This study aims to determine the process of enumeration on a grass chopper machine, knowing
the motor power required for a grass chopper, knowing how much fuel the machine needs to
chop grass, knowing the length of time for chopping grass, and knowing the rotational speed of
the chopper. This research method is experimental by conducting direct testing in the field. Data
analysis was carried out using a mathematical approach to complete the mathematical
calculation model which was processed using Microsoft Excel. The results showed that the
energy available in this chopper was 5.5 HP, while the power used was 1.91 HP. The highest
fuel consumption is at 15 Kg material weight of 1.60 Liter/hour, and the lowest is at 5 Kg
material weight is 0.80 Liter/hour. The highest chopping capacity was at material weight of 5
Kg at 200 Kg/hour, while the lowest counting capacity was at material weight to 15 Kg at 166
Kg/hour. The highest efficiency based on the machine's ability to transmit power occurs at a
weight of 15 Kg, which is 65.05%, while the lowest efficiency is at a weight of 5 Kg, which is
61.21%. The highest efficiency based on fuel consumption occurs at material weight of 5 Kg,
namely 41.67%, while the lowest efficiency occurs at material weight of 15 Kg, namely 20.84%.

Analysis of The Quality of Sawdust Briquettes With Adhesive Banana Starch Flour (Musa paradisiaca L.)

Rozidi, Sukmawaty, Diah Ajeng Setiawati, Mi’raj Fuadi — Tue, 21 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The good quality of briquettes characteristics is to have a high calorific value and strength and
not easily break. It is affected by the concentration of adhesives used. The raw materials of
adhesive used so far are still consumed by the public such as starch and sago. Therefore, it is
necessary to conduct research to find alternative sources of adhesives that are relatively in
competition with human food needs. The raw material used in the manufacture of adhesives is
starch from banana weevil waste. This study aims to find out the quality of sawdust briquettes
with banana weevil starch as adhesive and to know the ability of banana weevil starch to be as
an adhesive. The research method used is an experimental method by doing variations in adhesive
concentrations of 20, 30 and 40%. Particle size of sawdust used is 20 mesh with compressed
strength of 100 kg/cm2 for 2 minutes. The observed parameters are heat value, water content, ash
content, density, strong press, split index, and burn test. The results showed that the best calorific
values, water content and ash content were produced at 20% consecutive adhesive concentrations
of 4515 cal/gram, 6.95%, and 2.37%. Density, strong press, split index and best light duration
are produced at 40% consecutive adhesive concentrations of 0.30 gr/cm3,21.44 kg/cm2, 0.02%,
and 349 seconds. As well as the best embers for 3384 seconds at an adhesive concentration of
30%. Briquettes with adhesive from banana weevil starch have good briquette quality.