Analysis of Biogas Formation Fermentation from Cattle Manure and Livestock Feed Waste Using a Fixed-Dome Biodigester

Abstract

The energy crisis in Indonesia has led to a significant increase in crude oil prices. To address this issue, energy conversion methods such as biogas production have been applied. Biogas is a renewable energy source produced through the fermentation of organic materials. The fermentation process involves several stages: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. This study aims to determine the fermentation duration of biogas from cattle manure and feed waste, measure the gas pressure produced, and evaluate biogas production in a fixed dome digester. The research method employed experimental procedures and field tests using an 8 m³ digester. The collected data were analyzed to assess the effect of fermentation duration on biogas production. The results showed that the fermentation process remained stable under mesophilic conditions, with temperature ranging from 28.7°C to 45.8°C and an optimal pH between 6.6 and 8.1. Biogas pressure was first detected on the first day of fermentation and increased over time, reaching its peak on days 21 and 22 at 10.1 kPa. The maximum biogas volume produced was 6.73 m³.