Lombok Medical Journal

Sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka Rhinosinusitis Kronis dengan Komorbiditas Atopi

Sima Smith, Hamsu Kadriyan — Fri, 28 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Latar Belakang: Rhinosinusitis merupakan suatu kondisi terjadinya inflamasi atau peradangan pada mukosa hidung dan sinus paranasal. Rhinosinusitis memerlukan perhatian khusus terutama ketika pasien mengalami kekambuhan bahkan setelah operasi. Kekambuhan rhinosinusitis salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh atopi sebagai komorbiditas rinosinusitis infektif (baik kronis maupun akut). Namun, pada pasien rhinosinusitis kronis (RSK), penanda atopi lebih sering ditemukan. Atopi adalah sindrom klinis yang melibatkan tipe 1 hipersensitivitas (aergi). Melalui proses sistemik, atopi dapat menjadi komorbiditas potensial bagi pasien RSK.

Kesimpulan: Gejala yang berkembang pada pasien RSK dengan atopi secara signifikan lebih buruk dan berhubungan dengan timbulnya gejala penyakit. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk mengevaluasi komorbiditas atopi pada pasien RSK untuk mengurangi eksaserbasi dan kekambuhan untuk keberhasilan pengobatan.

Kata Kunci: Rhinosinusitis kronis, Atopi, Alergi, Komorbiditas

Graves Disease: Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana

Tue, 22 Aug 2023 04:50:19 +0000

Abstract: Hyperthyroidism is an increase in the amount of thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion by the thyroid gland. Graves Disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Graves Disease (GD) is more common in women than men and in patients with a family history of GD. Graves Disease can also be triggered by environmental factors such as stress, smoking, infection, and exposure to iodine. Graves Disease manifests in the form of the Merseburger triad consisting of thyrotoxicosis, diffuse goiter, and ophthalmopathy (orbitopathy) with symptoms of agitation, palpitations, and muscle weakness. In making the diagnosis of GD, 2 tests are carried out, namely a thyroid function test which consists of examinations to diagnose hypothyroidism, namely Wayne index scoring, TSH test, and FT4 as well as tests to distinguish GD from other causes of hyperthyroidism, namely TRab, radioactive iodine uptake scan with I-123 or I-131, thyroid ultrasound with doppler, T3/T4 ratio values, and CT or MRI. The goal of treatment for GD is to control and improve the condition based on the pathophysiology of GD, namely the antigen-antibody reaction in the thyroid gland. Modalities for the treatment of GD consist of anti-thyroid drugs, surgery, and radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment with sodium-131(131I). The choice of treatment is based on the severity of thyrotoxicosis, age, thyroid size, availability of modalities, response to treatment, and other comorbidities.

Potensi Senyawa Kuersetin dalam Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.) sebagai Pengobatan Demam Berdarah Dengue

Tue, 22 Aug 2023 05:10:48 +0000

Abstract: Dengue is one of the most common mosquito-borne diseases in tropical and subtropical climates. So far there are no effective antivirals available for the treatment of DENV infection, which in this case requires alternative treatments that can be a cure as well as prevention for dengue fever. Alternative treatment that can be used is by using plants, one of which is guava. In guava leaves, there are various compounds that are efficacious as anti-dengue fever, namely flavonoid compounds such as quercetin and tannins which are believed to inhibit the growth of dengue viruses. The purpose of writing this manuscript is to discuss the potential of quercetin compounds in guava leaves in the management of dengue fever.

Keywords: Dengue hemorrhagic fever, alternative medicine, antiviral, guava leaf, quercetin, ethnomedicine

Meningitis Bakterial: Epidemiologi, Patofisiologi, dan Penatalaksanaan

Puji Widyastuti, Herdiana Nurul Utami, M. Fardi Anugrah, Rohadi — Tue, 22 Aug 2023 05:21:58 +0000

The brain is a complex, delicate neural organ protected by the skull, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. This protection can be damaged by disease, such as bacterial meningitis. Its high morbidity and mortality results in the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment. This literature review uses a literature study method from various references and focuses on the incidence of bacterial meningitis with search engines, namely PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. Nineteen articles were found to be suitable for reference in this literature review. Bacterial meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges due to infection with the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae type B. The incidence of bacterial meningitis worldwide reached 8.7 million cases with 379,000 deaths. In Indonesia, there were 78,018 cases with 4313 deaths. Symptoms of bacterial meningitis include fever, neck stiffness, and altered mental status with complications of focal neurologic deficits, hearing and cognitive impairment, seizures, and hydrocephalus. Treatment for bacterial meningitis includes antibiotics ceftriaxone, cephalosporin, penicillin, or ampicillin in combination with corticosteroids which should be given as soon as possible to minimize symptoms, complications, and mortality.

Tiroiditis De Quervain : Pemeriksaan, Diagnosis, dan Tatalaksana

Tue, 19 Sep 2023 06:12:12 +0000

Thyroiditis is an inflammation that occurs in the thyroid gland and can affect the functioning of the thyroid gland. Based on its etiology, thyroiditis is distinguished into 2, namely thyroiditis which in its clinical manifestations causes pain and does not cause pain in the neck. De Quervain's thyroiditis is the most frequent cause of neck pain. Based on research, this disease is more common in women, which is about 3-4 times more than men. The clinical manifestations that arise vary, ranging from neck pain, symptoms such as hyperthyroidism, to symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. The diagnosis of De Quervain’s thyroiditis can be clinically established based on the results of physical examination and laboratory findings. The findings of laboratory examination results generally occurred an increase in LEDs, CRP, FT3, FT4, and a decrease in TSH levels. The management of this disease is divided into 3, namely supportive therapy, pharmacological, and monitoring.

Thyroid Cancer : an Overview of Epidemiology, Risk Factor, and Treatment

Rida Dwi Arista, Khaula Karima, M. Fardi Anugrah, Puji Widyastuti , Eva Triani — Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer of the endocrine glands with a prevalence of approximately 95% of all malignancies. Its incidence has increased more rapidly since the 1990s than any other cancer. Thyroid cancer is divided into 4 types based on its histopathology. The nature of this cancer varies, ranging from slow progressive to aggressive. Like other cancers, thyroid cancer if left untreated will invade other organs of the
body. We collect several reading journals that discuss epidemiology, risk factors, management for thyroid gland cancer and present them descriptively. The purpose of writing this article is to discuss the latest epidemiology and risk factors that influence the incidence of thyroid cancer as well as the old and newest treatments in treating thyroid cancer. The results of this article found several risk factors thought to influence prevalence, namely radiation exposure, genetic mutation, heredity, iodine deficiency, increased TSH, autoimmune, thyroid nodules, environment, lifestyle, and estrogen. Treatments that need to be carried out are surgery, RAI therapy, thyroid hormone therapy, external radiation, systemic chemotherapy, and combination therapy. Through this discussion, it is hoped that it can become material for analysis and reference in the treatment of thyroid gland cancer.

Keyword : Thyroid cancer, epidemiology, risk factor, and treatment

Varises Esofagus

Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Varises esofagus adalah pelebaran vena submucosa pada distal esofagus akibat hipertensi portal pada pasien sirosis hati. Varises esofagus merupakan salah satu bentuk komplikasi dari penyakit sirosis hati, yaitu penyakti gambaran perubahan patologis dari stadium akhir fibrosis hepatik yang berlangsung progresif dan ditandai dengan terbentuknya nodul regenerative. Terdapat beberapa terapi yang dapat diberikan kepada pasien dengan varises esofagus, seperti terapi farmakologi dan terapi endoskopi dilakukan terutama untuk upaya mencapai homeostatis pada kasus perdarahan varises. Terapi endoskopi terdiri dari skleroterapi dan ligasi. Skleroterapi adalah metode pengobatan dimana agen sklerosis (etanolamina oleat) akan disuntikkan ke dalam varises untuk menghambat hemodinamik. Sebaliknya, teknik ligasi dilakukan untuk memblokir aliran darah varises secara fisik dan memicu fibrosis

Dinamika Psikologis Pelaku Kekerasan Seksual pada Anak

Baiq Ghassani Kayla, Ali Ramzi, Febbi Anggy, Herodya L Fesmia, Pujiarrohman — Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Nowadays cases of sexual violence against children are rife in Indonesia. Cases of sexual violence increase over time. The perpetrators of sexual violence are not only strangers who are not known to the victim, but also the closest people to the victim, such as fathers, uncles, or grandfathers. Ironically, perpetrators of sexual violence in children today are not only carried out by adults, but also carried out by children. The types of perpetrators of sexual violence have also varied greatly, such as perpetrators of rape to perpetrators of internet sexual violence who distribute pornographic content. There are several psychological factors that underlie the perpetrators of sexual violence, such as lack of parental attention, lack of education about intimate organs, to easy access to pornographic photos or films on the internet. There are two factors that cause a person to become a perpetrator of sexual violence, first is historical factors, such as a history of past trauma and second is psychological factors, such as lack of interpersonal communication. Perpetrators of sexual violence in children must get a treatment to overcome the problems experienced. This handling must be carried out by all groups, both from the family, community, and government. Therefore, this article will discuss the psychological dynamics of perpetrators of sexual violence in children, which includes the types of perpetrators of sexual violence, the pathophysiology of psychological dynamics of perpetrators, and efforts to handle perpetrators of sexual violence.

Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Hipertiroid dan Hipertensi: Case Report

Fri, 22 Sep 2023 03:20:41 +0000

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is high levels of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) accompanied by disturbances in carbohydrate, lipid, protein metabolism as a result of insufficiency of insulin function which can be caused by impaired or deficient insulin production by beta cells in the pancreas or can also be caused by a lack of responsiveness of insulin cells. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is 9.3% or around 463 million people suffer from diabetes in 2019. One of the risk factors for diabetes mellitus is hyperthyroidism and hypertension. The right treatment for patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperthyroidism and hypertension is to reduce glucose levels, blood pressure, and reduce the production of the thyroid gland

A Original Research Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dan Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) dengan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Poli Jantung di RSUD Provinsi NTB

Lendi Leskia Putri, Yusra Pintaningrum, Fitriannisa Faradina Zubaidi — Fri, 22 Sep 2023 04:02:13 +0000

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, hypertension affects more than 22% of the global population. The results from Riskesdas indicate an increasing prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia, from 25.8% to 34.1%. Body Mass Index (BMI) has a significant impact on the occurrence of hypertension, where individuals with excess BMI and obesity have a higher risk of developing hypertension. The increase in hypertension cases is also caused by dyslipidemia. LDL-C ratio is a strong predictor of atherosclerosis plaque formation, which can lead to increased blood vessel resistance and elevated blood pressure. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) with Blood Pressure. The design of this study was correlational research design with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all patients of polyclinic cardiology RSUD Provinsi NTB (November 2022-January 2023), with the sampling technique used was consecutive sampling, where size of sample is 28 peoples. Obtained data are analyzed using Spearman method. Overall there were 28 subjects. There were 4 (14.3%) subjects with underwight range, 7 (25%) with healthy weight range, 16 (57.2%) with overweight range, and obesity range. While for LDL-C levels, there were 8 (28.5%) with optimal, Fairly good, Borderline high, High, and very high. 5 (18%) out of 28 respondents have optimal BP, 7 (25%) with normal BP whereas in high BP were 57%. Stastistical analysis shows that there was no relationship between the value of BMI with blood pressure with p-value 0,765 (p>0,05; r = 0,059). there was no relationship between LDL-C with blood pressure (r = 0,044; p = 0,823).

Article Review Potensi Senyawa Ginkgolide dan Bilobalide dalam Ekstrak Daun Ginkgo Biloba sebagai Terapi Penyakit Parkinson

Fri, 22 Sep 2023 04:17:53 +0000

Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder that can be a major source of disability throughout the world. Changes in conditions in the body, such as α-Syn mutations can increase the risk of developing Parkinson's disease. α-Syn mutations will cause the loss of large and selective dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) thereby triggering the early symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The high risk of side effects in the use of modern pharmacological therapy, indicates that a new breakthrough in the form of herbal-based ethnomedicine therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease is urgently needed. Ginkgo leaf, from the Ginkgo biloba plant, has long been known as a popular herbal supplement in Europe, Asia and America. The content of active compounds in ginkgo leaves was found to have the potential to provide therapeutic effects in patients with Parkinson's disease. This article will discuss the potency, mechanism of action, extraction process, and comparison of the potency of the two compounds with previous therapies. The development of the potential of ginkgo leaves is expected to reduce the increasing number of cases and provide a better quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Its Pathogen in Intensive Unit Care

Putu Diwyandaani Priyahita — Fri, 22 Sep 2023 04:51:14 +0000

Abstract: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia is pneumonia that appears in patients after at least 48 hours using a mechanical ventilator. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) often occurs in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and is the second leading cause of infection in the ICU. Several researches in Indonesia shown a high prevalence and mortality rate in this type of Hospital Acquired Infections in ICU. Known risk factor of VAP are duration of ventilator, primary diagnosis, and comorbid such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Pathogens also determined the severity of VAP and it was mostly caused by multi-drug resistant organism (MDRO) such as Acinetobacter baumanni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Specimen culture needed to identify the causative pathogens and to determine the most effective antibiotic therapy, as the prognosis of VAP depend on the use of definite antibiotics and a quick treatment.

Heart-type Fatty Acid-binding Protein (H-FABP) sebagai Diagnostik Awal dan Prognostik Infark Miokard Akut

Ni Made Utami Wulandari, Putu Wika Pramesti Iswari, Yusra Pintaningrum — Mon, 25 Sep 2023 01:34:29 +0000

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Early diagnosis and accurate prognosis are vital to improve patient outcomes. Heart-type Fatty Acid-binding Protein (H-FABP) has emerged as a potential biomarker for AMI. H-FABP is a cytoplasmic protein encoded by the FABP3 gene, situated on chromosome 1 in the human genome. It plays a crucial role in active fatty acid metabolism and is implicated in the absorption, cellular metabolism, and/or transport of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). During the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), H-FABP is rapidly released into the circulation when myocardial ischemic injury occurs. Its early detection, around 1-2 hours after AMI, with a peak at 5-10 hours, and normalization within 24-36 hours, makes H-FABP an ideal candidate for early diagnostic and prognostic evaluation in AMI patients. Despite its excellent prognostic value, H-FABP's diagnostic sensitivity outweighs its specificity for AMI. This review discusses the potential of H-FABP as an early diagnostic and prognostic marker for AMI and emphasizes further studies and research are needed regarding the use of H-FABP as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker for AMI.

Potensi Kurkumin pada Kunyit (Curcuma Longa sp.) dalam Penatalaksanaan Malaria

Wed, 27 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Penyakit malaria adalah salah satu penyakit endemis mematikan di dunia yang ada di beberapa wilayah tropis seperti Asia. Malaria adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh parasit dari genus “Plasmodium”. Parasit tersebut ditularkan melalui gigitan dari nyamuk Anopheles betina. Berbagai obat konvensional anti-malaria seperti klorokuin, sulfadoksin, kina dan artemisinin telah menunjukkan resistensinya, sehingga diperlukan obat alternatif baru. Di Indonesia, beberapa wilayah endemis malaria seperti Jambi dan Maluku menggunakan obat tradisional bahan tanaman kunyit sebagai anti-malaria. Curcuma longa atau kunyit mengandung senyawa kurkumin yang memiliki campuran dari tiga kurkuminoid, yaitu kurkumin (77%), bisdemethoxycurcumin (3%), dan demethoxycurcumin (17%) dan memiliki beberapa target senyawa aktif. Contoh dari target senyawa aktif dari kurkumin yaitu CD36 yang dapat meningkatkan fagositosis eritrosit yang telah terinfeksi parasit dan PfGCN5 yang menginduksi kerusakan pada DNA akibat parasit malaria. Studi in-vitro dan in-vivo dari kurkumin menunjukkan hasil yang positif, pada in-vivo kurkumin sebagai anti-oksidan mengurangi parasitemia darah hingga 80–90%. Berdasarkan studi tersebut kunyit sangat berpotensi dalam tata laksana anti-malaria di masa depan.

Hubungan Kecanduan Penggunaan Media Sosial Dengan Gangguan Kualitas Tidur

Wed, 27 Sep 2023 03:18:13 +0000

Abstract: Social media addiction is a psychological disorder where an individual spends a lot of time accessing social media. In Indonesia, the number of social media users has increased by 21 million or 12.6% from last year. Social media addiction can cause sleep quality disorders, the brain will translate that exposure to blue light from mobile phones as sunlight during the day which causes sleep quality disorders. Sleep quality is a person's ability to start sleeping easily and maintain sleep well.

Keywords: Addictions, social media, distractions, sleep quality

The Article Review Penggunaan Aspirin sebagai Faktor Pemicu Sindrom Reye

Sat, 30 Sep 2023 09:00:41 +0000

Reye syndrome (RS) is a rare metabolic disorder which primarily affects children. The disease is generally characterized by acute encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of several parenchymes, especially the liver. Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid is an over-the-counter drug as a solution to viral infection that would be the trigger for developing this syndrome. Reye syndrome is most commonly caused by viral pathogens like influenza A and B and varicella. Reye syndrome presents signs and symptoms of continued vomiting with or without dehydration, encephalopathy and, in 50% of patients, hepatomegaly. According to the clinical stage developed and modified by Hurwitz, the clinical stage of Reye syndrome is divided in 0-5, including the non-clinical stage (stage 0). The pathophysiological profile of Reye syndrome is unknown. However, it appears to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the use of aspirin resulting in impaired fatty acid metabolism, reduced excretion, and impaired hepatic metabolism. A case-control study suggested a strong association between aspirin-taking behavior and the development of Reye's syndrome. A case-control study suggested a strong association between aspirin-taking behavior and the development of Reye's syndrome. This literature will present a discussion of the relationship of aspirin as a trigger for Reye syndrome based on the etiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacodynamics of aspirin.

Tatalaksana Penyakit Glositis Atrofi akibat Defisiensi Zat Besi dan Vitamin B12

Muhammad Yusril Naoval Afif — Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction : Atrophic glossitis is a disease of the tongue that causes inflammation or inflammation, then gives the appearance of a red tongue color with a smooth dorsum accompanied by pain and burning. Atrophic glossitis occurs when the fungiform and filiform papillae on the dorsum of the tongue are lost by as much as 50%. This is due to sufferers who have nutritional deficiencies, such as deficiency of B12, iron, folic acid, riboflavin, and niacin. This article aims to determine the general and specific management of atrophic glossitis.

Method : The writing of this article includes various sources originating from scientific journals and government guidelines and related agencies. Source searches were conducted on online journal publication portals such as MedScape, Google Scholar (scholar.google.com) and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), with the keyword "Myasthenia Gravis".

Discussion : Management of glossitis can be given with mouthwash containing corticosteroids and lidocaine to relieve inflammation. Then eat foods that contain vitamin B12.

Conclusion : Atrophic glossitis can heal on its own and does not require treatment, but this should not be left alone, and requires good management/treatment, namely by maintaining good oral hygiene, then providing iron and vitamin B12 supplementation.

Keywords: Glossitis Atrophy, Deficiency of vitamin B12