Lombok Medical Journal

Tuberkulosis Multidrug-Resistant (TB-MDR): Diagnosis and Treatment

2024-05-31T00:57:30+00:00

Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a TB disease that is resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid with or without other first-line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (OAT). Accurate MDR-TB diagnosis and treatment methods are very important to minimize the impact of the disease. The aim of this literature review is to increase understanding of MDR-TB, with a focus on discussing methods of diagnosing and treating MDR-TB. Diagnosis in MDR-TB patients can be done using TCM and sensitivity testing using the Line-2 LPA (Line Probe Assay) method or conventional methods. Treatment is in the form of the use of bedaquiline, prothionamide, linezolid, and moxifloxacin regimens for 6 months; all-oral regimen for 9 months; and long-term regimens for MDR-TB patients

Trauma Vaskular: Patofisiologi, Manifestasi Klinis, Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan

2024-05-31T00:57:30+00:00

Vascular trauma is an injury involving the circulatory system, particularly blood vessels, disrupting the body's balance and being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The extremities are the most common locations for vascular trauma, especially the femoral artery, popliteal artery, and brachial artery. Signs and symptoms of vascular trauma in body limbs are described as hard and soft signs. Hard signs found in patients indicate the need for surgical intervention, while patients with soft signs require further diagnostic imaging for confirmation. Management should consider the golden period (6 to 8 hours) by controlling bleeding with resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusions (REBOA), minimizing ischemic events in the distal part of the trauma, and preventing compartment syndrome. Surgical intervention is performed to achieve functional recovery and salvage the affected vascular area. Surgical procedures that can be performed in cases of vascular trauma include vascular grafting, vascular ligation, and temporary intravascular shunt (TIVS).

Peningkatan Kecerdasan Memori Spasial pada Anak Melalui Permainan Tradisional Engklek

2024-05-31T00:57:30+00:00

Spatial intelligence, especially in a visual context, is the ability to construct, design, or arrange the structure of an object in space that includes various directions and positions. Spatial intelligence, especially spatial memory, develops throughout childhood along with the functional maturation of specific areas in the cerebral white matter tracts. Based on this, efforts to improve spatial intelligence are important to do in childhood, one of which is through the traditional game engklek. Children's spatial memory intelligence increases through the process of playing engklek. The engklek game can train the use of spatial memory through movement within spatial boundaries and cognitive mapping of the brain which represents images of the environment and objects in space. The method used in this literature review is by searching and reviewing various literature sourced from online databases such as PubMed as well, Google Scholar, and textbook.

Tata Laksana Diabetes Melitus Tipe 1 dengan Ketoasidos Diabetik pada Anak 7 Tahun dengan Sindrom Down dan Gizi Buruk di Rumah Sakit dengan Layanan Terbatas: Case Report

2024-05-31T00:57:31+00:00

The incidence of children with Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is increasing both worldwide and in Indonesia. The Indonesian Pediatric Society (IPS) recorded 1120 pediatric patient with T1DM in 2018. Potential complication of type 1 DM is Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Diabetic ketoasidosis is a terminal condition in metabolic abnormalities caused by severe insulin deficiency. Patients with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). This is a rare case of a Down Syndrom patient with a clinical profile of severe malnutrition, which can lead to serious complication.

Faktor Predisposisi Stigma dan Diskriminasi serta Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Hidup Pasien terdiagnosis HIV/AIDS

2024-05-31T00:57:31+00:00

HIV/AIDS menjadi salah satu kondisi yang menemui hambatan dalam upaya peningkatan kualitas hidup pasien yakni dengan masih berkembangnya stigma dan diskriminasi HIV/AIDS di kalangan masyarakat. Di samping progresi penyakit yang berdampak terhadap kesehatan fisik dan kehidupan sosial pasien, tekanan akibat stigma dan diskriminasi mengisolasi pasien dengan perasaan takut dan stres yang berlebihan. Masyarakat memiliki sejumlah karakteristik yang menjadi faktor predisposisi munculnya stigma dan diskriminasi tersebut. Peran menyeluruh sektor kehidupan dalam memerangi gejolak stigma dan diskriminasi akan sangat membantu mempercepat penyembuan pasien termasuk memberikan kehidupan yang lebih baik bagi pasien terdiagnosis HIV/AIDS. Dukungan masyarakat dapat berupa peningkatan kesadaran dan pengetahuan melalui sosialisasi, komunitas, dan kampanye terkait HIV/AIDS. Tinjauan pustaka ini merangkum sejumlah bentuk stigma dan diskriminasi yang kerap dihadapi pasien terdiagnosis HIV/AIDS, faktor-faktor di masyarakat yang berhubungan dengan hal tersebut, serta faktor dan upaya peningkatan kualitas hidup pasien melalui penghapusan stigma dan diskriminasi dengan dukungan dari pemerintah, pelayanan kesehatan, dan masyarakat umum.

Visual Impairment in High Flow Carotid-Cavernous Fistula: Case Report

2024-05-31T00:57:31+00:00

Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is the most common abnormal connection between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. There are 2 types of CCF: direct and indirect. Direct CCF is a high-flow fistula that occurs due to a tear in the carotid artery, most often caused by penetrating or nonpenetrating head trauma. Visual disturbances can be one of the symptoms of CCF in post-traumatic patients. With proper diagnosis and management, the patient's condition can significantly improve. A 22-year-old man came with symptoms of bilateral chemosis and bilateral proptosis, which had developed progressively for 1 month. The patient had a history of a traffic accident 2 months before with mandibular trauma. The patient had undergone mandibular surgery, but at that time, no neurological symptoms had appeared. Physical examination revealed bilateral chemosis, bilateral proptosis, blurred vision and oftalmoplegi with diplopia. Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) of the head showed features that led to a diagnosis of carotid-cavernous fistula. Cerebral angiography was performed and confirmed there was a high-flow carotid-cavernous fistula. Endovascular intervention was performed, and a decision was made to perform balloon embolization. Four months after the procedure, the patient's complaints improved, blurred vision decreased, and proptosis disappeared. Based on this case report, carotid-cavernous fistula can be used as a differential diagnosis for the cause of visual impairment in post-head trauma patients. Appropriate management can treat the patient's clinical symptoms

Patofisiologi Ensefalitis pada Rabies

2024-05-31T00:57:31+00:00

Rabies, disebabkan oleh Rabies Lyssavirus, virus neurotropik yang menargetkan neuron dan menyebar sepanjang sel saraf, menghasilkan disfungsi neuronal. Virus ini menunjukkan neurotropisme dan neuro-invasivitas yang kuat, menyebabkan manifestasi neurologis yang parah. Penularan penyakit ini biasanya melalui gigitan hewan yang terinfeksi, memungkinkan virus masuk ke dalam tubuh dan bereplikasi sebelum mencapai otak atau medula spinalis. Rabies muncul dalam dua bentuk yang berbeda, yaitu ensefalitik dan paralitik, dengan rabies ensefalitik lebih umum dan ditandai dengan gejala klasik seperti hidrofobia dan aerofobia. Tanda-tanda awal dapat mencakup kesemutan pada anggota tubuh tanpa gangguan kognitif. Pemahaman terhadap patofisiologi serta interaksi antara virus Rabies dan host, antara lain mekanisme masuknya virus, replikasi, dan penyebaran dalam sistem saraf sangat penting untuk menjelaskan tentang proses perjalanan penyakit, termasuk perubahan perilaku yang terjadi. Pencegahan rabies melibatkan vaksinasi yang tepat waktu setelah paparan, sementara pengobatan pasca-infeksi yang adekuat hingga saat ini masih menjadi tantangan.